Comparisons: Difference between revisions

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''toki pona'' doesn't have a specific grammatical construction for comparatives, but there are nonetheless multiple ways to express them:
''toki pona'' doesn't have a specific grammatical construction for comparatives, but there are nonetheless multiple ways to express them:
* Separate the claim into two sentences with an implied connection:
* Separate the claim into two sentences with an implied connection:
*:; poki mi li lili. poki sina li suli.
*:; poki mi li lili. sike sina li suli.
*:: My bag is small. Your bag is big.
*:: My bag is small. Your ball is big.
*:; poki mi li suli (lili). poki sina li suli mute.
*:; poki mi li suli (lili). sike sina li suli mute.
*:: My bag is (a bit) big. Your bag is very big.
*:: My bag is (a bit) big. Your ball is very big.
* You can also make the connection explicit with ''taso'':
* Do the above, but make the connection explicit with ''taso'':
*:; poki mi li lili, taso poki sina li suli.
*:; poki mi li lili, taso sike sina li suli.
*:: My bag is small, but your bag is big.
*:: My bag is small, but your ball is big.
* Use ''la'' to make the magnitude of one claim relative to the other subject:
* Use ''la'' to make the magnitude of one claim relative to the other subject:
*:; poki mi la poki sina li suli.
*:; poki mi la sike sina li suli.
*:: Given my bag, your bag is big.
*:: In terms of my bag, your ball is big.
* Similarly, use ''tawa'' to put the claim "in the perspective" of another:
* Similarly, use ''tawa'' to put the claim "in the perspective" of another:
*:; poki sina li suli tawa poki mi.
*:; sike sina li suli tawa poki mi.
*:: Your bag is big to my bag.
*:: Your ball is big to my bag.
* Use a superlative with a limited scope:
*:; poki mi en sike sina la sike li suli nanpa wan.
*:: In terms of my bag and your ball, the ball is number one in bigness.
*:; poki mi anu sike sina la sike li suli mute.
*:: In terms of my bag or your ball, the ball is very big.

A fuller list (albeit with some very weird examples) can be found [https://www.reddit.com/r/tokipona/comments/usebjd/comprehensive_list_of_ways_to_do_comparatives/ here], courtesy of /u/forthentwice.


== Superlatives ==
== Superlatives ==
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*:: Your bag is number one in bigness.
*:: Your bag is number one in bigness.
* Intensify the claim:
* Intensify the claim:
*:; poki sina li suli mute a.
*:; poki sina li suli mute.
*:: Your bag is extremely big.
*:: Your bag is very big.


[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:Grammar]]

Revision as of 14:25, 25 November 2022

Comparisons can be divided into two types: comparatives, which pit two things against each other, and superlatives, which describe one thing as beyond everything else.

Comparatives

toki pona doesn't have a specific grammatical construction for comparatives, but there are nonetheless multiple ways to express them:

  • Separate the claim into two sentences with an implied connection:
    poki mi li lili. sike sina li suli.
    My bag is small. Your ball is big.
    poki mi li suli (lili). sike sina li suli mute.
    My bag is (a bit) big. Your ball is very big.
  • Do the above, but make the connection explicit with taso:
    poki mi li lili, taso sike sina li suli.
    My bag is small, but your ball is big.
  • Use la to make the magnitude of one claim relative to the other subject:
    poki mi la sike sina li suli.
    In terms of my bag, your ball is big.
  • Similarly, use tawa to put the claim "in the perspective" of another:
    sike sina li suli tawa poki mi.
    Your ball is big to my bag.
  • Use a superlative with a limited scope:
    poki mi en sike sina la sike li suli nanpa wan.
    In terms of my bag and your ball, the ball is number one in bigness.
    poki mi anu sike sina la sike li suli mute.
    In terms of my bag or your ball, the ball is very big.

A fuller list (albeit with some very weird examples) can be found here, courtesy of /u/forthentwice.

Superlatives

Superlatives are even simpler:

  • Use nanpa wan:
    poki sina li suli nanpa wan.
    Your bag is number one in bigness.
  • Intensify the claim:
    poki sina li suli mute.
    Your bag is very big.