Etymologies
This is a list of etymologies of Toki Pona words.
Pingo
The word Pingo is a priori, that is, it is not derived from any other existing word, and it was coined by jan Likipi in 2020.[1][2]
a[edit | edit source]
The word a is derived from sound symbolism or onomatopoeia.[3]
akesi[edit | edit source]
The word akesi is derived from Dutch hagedis (/ˌɦaːɣəˈdɪs/, "lizard").[4]
aku[edit | edit source]
The word aku is derived from Romanian acru ("sour"). It is cognate with English acrid. It was coined by kulupu Solali in 2023;[citation needed] like anta, it was created "in order to expand the taste words".[5]
ala[edit | edit source]
The word ala is derived from Georgian არა (ara, "no, not").[6]
alasa[edit | edit source]
The word alasa is derived from Acadian French à la chasse ("on the hunt"),[citation needed] pronounced /alaʃas/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[7] It was coined around 2009 by jan Sonja, as cited in the Toki Pona wiki.[8]
ale[edit | edit source]
The word ale is derived from Dutch al ("all (of)") and alle (/ˈɑlə/, "all").[9]
alente[edit | edit source]
The word alente is derived from ale ante, meaning "everything else".[10]
alu[edit | edit source]
The word alu is derived from *al, a reversed spelling of la, with an epenthetic ‹u›. It was independently coined by Smoked Salmon in 2018[11] and by dub in 2019.[12] The choice of ‹u› over another vowel was partially inspired by Japanese, where epenthetic ‹u› is common.[13]
anpa[edit | edit source]
The word anpa is derived from Acadian French en bas ("below"),[14] pronounced /ɑ̃bɔ/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[15]
anta[edit | edit source]
The word anta is derived from Okinawan 油 (anda, "oil"). It was coined by ilo Powa in 2022; like aku, it was created "in order to expand the taste words".[16]
ante[edit | edit source]
The word ante is derived from Dutch ander (/ˈɑndər/, "other, different").[17]
anu[edit | edit source]
The word anu is derived from Georgian,[18] likely specifically from ან (an, "or").
apeja[edit | edit source]
The word apeja is derived from Finnish häpeä (/ˈhæpeæ/, "shame, disgrace, dishonor").[19] This word was coined circa late 2009.[20][21][22]
awase[edit | edit source]
The word awase is derived from Armenian հարվածել (harvacel, "to hit, to strike"). It was coined by jan Lenoka in 2021.
awen[edit | edit source]
The word awen is derived from Dutch houden (/ˈɦɑu̯də(n)/, "to keep, to care for").[23]
e[edit | edit source]
The word e was coined a priori.[24]
eliki[edit | edit source]
The word eliki is derived from Cherokee ᎡᎯᏍᏗ (ehisdi, "pain, distress").
en[edit | edit source]
The word en is derived from Dutch en ("and").[25]
enko[edit | edit source]
The word enko is a corruption of tenpo.[26] It was coined by jan Seli in January 2021 in the ma pona pi toki pona community,[27] partly to use as an alternative letter for e when writing her name as a cartouche in sitelen pona.[28]
epiku[edit | edit source]
The word epiku is derived from French épique (/epik/, "epic"). According to the Toki Pona Dictionary, the person who coined this word is unknown.[29] However, Linku credits jan Jan and jan Peche coining it in 2019.
esun[edit | edit source]
The word esun is thought to be from Twi edwom ("market (place)") (also edwamu).[30] In 2020, jan Sonja stated that "esun was told to [her] by a taxi driver who spoke a language from the Akan family in West Africa".[31]
ete[edit | edit source]
The word ete is derived from Turkish öte (/øte/, "beyond"). It was coined in 2019 by jan inwin in the ma pona pi toki pona community.[32]
ewe[edit | edit source]
The word ewe is derived from kiwen and Japanese 岩 (iwa, "rock"). It was coined by jan ko in 2019.
ijo[edit | edit source]
The word ijo is derived from Esperanto io ("something").[33]
ike[edit | edit source]
The word ike is derived from Finnish ilkeä (/ˈilkeæ/, "bad, mean").[34]
ilo[edit | edit source]
The word ilo is derived from Esperanto ilo ("tool").[35]
insa[edit | edit source]
The word insa is derived from Tok Pisin insait ("inside"), itself from English inside.[36]
iseki[edit | edit source]
The word iseki is derived from Turkish çiçek (/t͡ʃiˈt͡ʃɛc/, "flower, blossom") and its accusative inflection çiçeği. It was coined by kulupu Solali in 2023.
isipin[edit | edit source]
The word isipin is derived from Tagalog isipin ("to think about").[a] It was coined by ko in 2020.[37][38] Other proposals included words from Georgian, Hawaiian, Japanese, Macedonian, Mongolian, Somali, Spanish, and Uzbek.[39]
itomi[edit | edit source]
The word itomi is derived from English hit-or-miss, in reference to a memetic lyric from the diss track "Mia Khalifa":
Hit or miss, I guess they never miss, huh?
According to Linku, itomi was coined by "jan Wesu OR jan inwin, jan Lemon"[what does that even mean?] in 2019.
jaki[edit | edit source]
The word jaki is derived from English yucky.[40]
jami[edit | edit source]
The word jami is derived from English yummy, possibly influenced by jaki. It was coined in 2017. According to Linku, the coiner is unknown.
jan[edit | edit source]
The word jan was derived from Cantonese 人 (jan4, "person, someone").[41]
jans[edit | edit source]
The word jans is derived from jan and English -s (plural suffix), sometimes etymologically pronounced [-z].
jasima[edit | edit source]
The word jasima is derived from Turkish yansıtmak ("to reflect").[citation needed] The reason for avoidance of a more direct tokiponization (jansima or jansuma) is unclear. It was coined by jan inwin, jan Kisinja, jan Maliku, and jan Wesu in 2018, according to the Toki Pona Dictionary.[42][43][primary source needed]
jelo[edit | edit source]
The word jelo is derived from English yellow.[44]
jo[edit | edit source]
The word jo is derived from Mandarin 有 (yǒu, "to have").[45]
jule[edit | edit source]
The word jule is derived from Japanese 揺れる (yureru, "to shake, sway, swing, flicker, tremble"). It was coined by pilin Powa in 2022.
jume[edit | edit source]
The word jume is derived from Japanese 夢 (yume, "dream"). It was coined in 2021 by jan Seli in the ma pona pi toki pona community, as a criticism to the word isipin, which she deemed "poorly thought out and not useful".[46][47]
kala[edit | edit source]
The word kala is derived from Finnish kala ("fish").[48]
kalamARR[edit | edit source]
The word kalamARR is derived from kalama and English arr, a stereotypical pirate imitation. It was coined by jan Olipija some time before they submitted it to the Toki Pona Dictionary polls in 2021.[49][50]
kalama[edit | edit source]
The word kalama is derived from Serbo-Croatian galáma (/ɡalǎːma/, "noise").[51]
kalijopilale[edit | edit source]
The word kalijopilale is derived from translingual Caryophyllales (lit. 'clove-related-related'), ultimately from Latin caryophyllus ("relating to clove") + -ālis ("-related"). It was coined by jan Likipi in 2020.[citation needed]
kama[edit | edit source]
The word kama is derived from Tok Pisin kamap, itself from English come up.[52]
kamalawala[edit | edit source]
The word kamalawala is derived from the phrase kama pi lawa ala, meaning "to become without rulers, to become independent". This is from the poem "jan pi kamalawala" by jan Sojapoja.[a][53][54] jan Kipo is credited with turning it into a word instead of a name.[citation needed]
- ↑ Other names include jan Wesu and jan Powe.
kasi[edit | edit source]
The word kasi is derived from Finnish kasvi (/ˈkɑsʋi/, "plant").[55]
ken[edit | edit source]
The word ken is derived from Tok Pisin ken and its ancestor, English can.[56]
kepeken[edit | edit source]
The word kepeken is derived from Dutch gebruiken (/ɣəˈbrœy̯kə(n)/, "to use, to consume").[57]
kese[edit | edit source]
The word kese is a tokiponization of Keshet, a Jewish LGBTQ organization in the United States, whose name is derived from Hebrew קשת (késhet, "rainbow"). It was coined in 2020 by jan Jan in the ma pona pi toki pona community.[58]
ki[edit | edit source]
The word ki is derived from French qui ("who, which, that"). It was coined by akesi kon Nalasuni and jan Atenaja in 2020.
kijetesantakalu[edit | edit source]
The word kijetesantakalu is derived from Finnish kierteishäntäkarhu (/ˈkie̯rtei̯sˌhæntæˌkɑrhu/, "kinkajou", lit. 'helical-tail-bear'),[59] from kierteinen ("helical"), häntä ("narrow tail"), and karhu ("bear"); a less common synonym of kinkaju.
kiki[edit | edit source]
The word kiki is derived from a nonsense word created for the 2001 psychological study by V. S. Ramachandran and Edward Hubbard on sound symbolism, named the bouba/kiki effect.[60] The word in Toki Pona was coined by akesi kon Nalasuni in 2020.[61][62]
kili[edit | edit source]
The word kili is derived from Georgian ხილი (xili, "fruit").[63]
kipisi[edit | edit source]
The word kipisi is thought to be derived from Iñupiaq kipriruk ("cut"), or potentially Swahili kipisi ("sliver, small piece of wood").[64]
kiwen[edit | edit source]
The word kiwen is derived from Finnish kiven, genitive of kivi (/ˈkiʋi/, "stone, rock").[65] This word was proposed by jan Sonja in 2002, replacing the compound wawa ma ("hardness of the earth").[66][67] This proposal was decided by a vote, resulting in 6 votes for kiwen and 2 votes for wawa ma.[68]
ko[edit | edit source]
The word ko is derived from Cantonese 膏 (gou1, "paste, cream").[69]
kokosila[edit | edit source]
The word kokosila is derived from Esperanto krokodilas, the present form of krokodili ("to speak among Esperantists in a language besides Esperanto").[70] It was coined by jan Sonja in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server in 2020.[71][72]
kon[edit | edit source]
The word kon is derived from Mandarin 空氣 (kōngqì, "air").[73]
konwe[edit | edit source]
The word konwe is borrowed from the surname of British mathematician John Horton Conway, best known for the cellular automaton Conway's Game of Life.[74] Another proposed etymology is the phrase kon wile. It was coined in 2021 by jan Emalan in the ma pona pi toki pona community.[75]
kosan[edit | edit source]
kosan is derived from Irish cosain ("defend, protect (against)"). It was coined in 2021 by jan Seni and jan inwin in the ma pona pi toki pona community.[76]
ku[edit | edit source]
kule[edit | edit source]
The word kule is derived from Acadian French couleur ("colour"),[77] pronounced /kulɶʁ/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[78]
kulupu[edit | edit source]
The word kulupu is derived from Tongan kulupu ("group"), itself from English group.[79]
kuntu[edit | edit source]
kuntu is an acronym derived from the phrase kalama musi tan uta and was coined by jan inwin, jan Maliku, and jan Wesu.[80]
kute[edit | edit source]
The word kute is derived from Acadian French écouter ("to listen (to)"),[81] pronounced /ekute/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[82]
la[edit | edit source]
The word la is allegedly derived from Esperanto la ("the"),[83] itself from Romance la ("the"), ultimately from Latin ille ("that, those, the").[a] Another suggested etymology is Acadian French -la, a proximal and topical suffix.[citation needed…]
- ↑ As speculation, perhaps this suggests an early historical usage where la was an article that could start a clause, then underwent semantic bleaching, was adapted into a clause separator, and was dropped where not serving this use. Regardless, in known and current usage, la has no semantic value, and its position can also be interpreted as the end of the preceding clause (hence the differing punctuation styles).
lanpan[edit | edit source]
The word lanpan is derived from Greek λαμβάνω (lamváno, "to get, to take").[84] It was coined by jan inwin, jan Wesu, jan Maliku, and jan Kisinja.[85][when?]
lape[edit | edit source]
The word lape is derived from Dutch slapen (/ˈslaːpə(n)/, "to sleep").[86]
laso[edit | edit source]
The word laso is derived from Welsh glas ("blue"),[87] which, before modern Welsh, used to cover colors like green and silver.
lawa[edit | edit source]
The word lawa is derived from Serbo-Croatian gláva ("head").[88]
leko[edit | edit source]
The word leko is derived from the name of the Danish toy company Lego,[89] itself derived from Danish leg godt ("play well"). Another possibility, according to nimi ale pona, is that it is derived from Finnish lohko ("section, block").[90]
len[edit | edit source]
The word len is derived from Acadian French linge ("clothing"),[91] pronounced /lɛ̃ʒ/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[92]
lete[edit | edit source]
The word lete is derived from Acadian French frette ("cold"),[93] pronounced /fʁɛt/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[94]
li[edit | edit source]
The word li is derived from Esperanto li ("he"),[95] itself from Latin ille ("he, she, it"). Its functionality is derived from Tok Pisin i, a particle that introduces the verb except when the subject is the first- or second-person singular pronouns.[96][97][98]
lili[edit | edit source]
The word lili is derived from Tok Pisin liklik ("small (quantity)").[99]
linja[edit | edit source]
The word linja is derived from Finnish linja ("line"),[100] ultimately from Latin līnea ("line, thread, string").
linluwi[edit | edit source]
The word linluwi was coined by jan inwin in 2017 and is derived from Welsh rhyngrwyd ("Internet", lit. 'between-net'), itself from rhyng- ("between") and rhwyd ("net").[101][102] The Welsh term is a calque of English Internet.
lipu[edit | edit source]
The word lipu is derived from Finnish lippu ("flag, sheet").[103]
lo[edit | edit source]
The word lu is derived from alu, an obscure context marker. It was coined by Theepicosity, kala pona Tonyu, and akesi kon Nalasuni in 2020.[104][105]
Following the publication of Toki Pona Dictionary in 2021, jan Pensa proposed changing lu to lo to avoid it clashing with the word reserved by Sonja Lang.[106][107]
loje[edit | edit source]
The word loje is derived from Dutch rooie (/roːi̯ə/),[108] an inflected form of rood (/roːt/, "red").
loka[edit | edit source]
The word loka is a portmanteau of luka and noka, presumably as a compromise similar to lokon. It was coined[by whom?] in 2021.[citation needed]
lokon[edit | edit source]
lokon was coined by jan Kamila and soweli Wipa in 2018 as a compromise between lukin and oko.
lon[edit | edit source]
The word lon is derived from Tok Pisin long ("in, on, at"),[109] itself from English along.
luka[edit | edit source]
luka is derived from Serbo-Croatian rúka ("arm, hand").[110]
lukin[edit | edit source]
The word lukin is derived from Tok Pisin lukim ("to see, to look at"), itself from English look and Tok Pisin -im, the transitivizing suffix, from English him, 'em.[111]
lupa[edit | edit source]
The word lupa is derived from Lojban clupa (/ˈʃlupa/, "loop"),[112] itself from Chinese 圈 (quān), English loop, Hindi पाश (pāś), and Arabic أنشوطة (ʔanšūṭa).
ma[edit | edit source]
The word ma is derived from Finnish maa ("ground, soil, country, land").[113]
majuna[edit | edit source]
The word majuna is derived from Esperanto maljuna ("old"), itself from French mal- ("un-") and jeune ("young") or German jung ("young").
mama[edit | edit source]
The word mama is derived from Georgian მამა (mama, "father").[114] Similar words for "mother" are found in multiple languages across the world, thought to derive from babble words.
mani[edit | edit source]
The word mani is derived from English money.[115] Regarding the sense of "large domesticated animal", compare for example the etymology of fee.
meli[edit | edit source]
The word meli is derived from Tok Pisin meri ("woman, wife"), itself from English Mary, a feminine name.[116]
meso[edit | edit source]
The word meso is derived from Greek μέσος (mésos, "middle, intermediate"). As such, it is cognate with the taxonomic, biological, and English prefix meso-. It was coined by jan Olipija in 2020.[117][118]
mi[edit | edit source]
The word mi is derived from Esperanto mi and English me,[119] both from the first-person oblique pronouns in Romance and Germanic languages.
mije[edit | edit source]
The word mije is derived from Finnish mies ("man, husband").[120]
misikeke[edit | edit source]
The word misikeke is derived from Ojibwe mashkiki ("medicine, drug"). It was coined by jan Sonja.[when?][121][122][better source needed]
moku[edit | edit source]
The word moku is derived from Japanese モグモグ (mogumogu, "chewing"), of onomatopoeic origin.[123]
moli[edit | edit source]
The word moli is derived from Acadian French mourir ("to die"),[124] pronounced /muʁiʁ/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[125]
monsi[edit | edit source]
The word monsi is derived from Acadian French mon tchu ("my ass"), a dialectal variant of French mon cul (/mɔ̃ ky/),[126] pronounced /mɔ̃tʃy/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[127]
monsuta[edit | edit source]
The word monsuta is derived from Japanese モンスター (monsutā, "monster"), itself loaned from English monster. It was coined by jan Sonja in 2009, but it was abandoned shortly after.[citation needed] In 2010, the official Toki Pona wiki defined monsuta as:[128]
- creature that preys on humans; predator
- a real or imagined threat; danger
- a source of fear or dread
The word always saw some use among a minority of speakers. However, for a long time the word monsuta was underused and not well defined. This changed in the late 2010s and early 2020s, when the word became popular and certain trends emerged among its users.
mu[edit | edit source]
The word mu is derived from an onomatopeia,[129] likely either from a cow or cat sound.
mulapisu[edit | edit source]
The word mulapisu was coined in November 2019 by jan Sonja in the ma pona pi toki pona community as a keysmash.[130][131]
mun[edit | edit source]
The word mun is derived from English moon.[132]
musi[edit | edit source]
The word musi is derived from Esperanto amuzi ("to amuse, to entertain").[133]
mute[edit | edit source]
The word mute is derived from Esperanto multe ("a lot"),[134] itself from Latin multus ("much, many"). It is cognate with English much, multi, multiple and multitude.
n[edit | edit source]
The word n was coined by kala kala.[135][better source needed][when?]
namako[edit | edit source]
The word namako is derived from Hindi नमक (namak, "salt") or Persian نمک (namak, "salt").[136]
nanpa[edit | edit source]
The word nanpa and its functions are derived from Tok Pisin namba, itself from English number.[137]
nasa[edit | edit source]
The word nasa is derived from Tok Pisin nasau ("stupid, crazy"),[138] a word only known to exist in the book Pidgin-English für Papua-Neuguinea: Wort für Wort.[139]
nasin[edit | edit source]
The word nasin is derived from Serbo-Croatian náčin (/nǎːt͡ʃin/, "way").[140]
natu[edit | edit source]
The word natu is derived from Vietnamese ngã tư ("four-way intersection; crossroads"). It was coined by jan Lakuse in 2020.[141][142]
nele[edit | edit source]
The word nele is derived from reversing len and repeating the vowel to make the word phonotactically valid. It was coined by jan Emalan with workshopping from soweli Kina in 2021.[143][144]
nena[edit | edit source]
The word nena is derived from Finnish nenä (/ˈnenæ/, "nose").[145]
ni[edit | edit source]
The word ni is derived from Cantonese 呢 (ni1, "this").[146]
nimi[edit | edit source]
The word nimi is derived from Finnish nimi, meaning "name".[147]
noka[edit | edit source]
The word noka is derived from Serbo-Croatian nòga ("leg, foot").[148]
nowi[edit | edit source]
The word nowi is derived from Vietnamese nối ("to join, to continue"). It was coined by ilo Powa and kulupu Solali in 2023.
o[edit | edit source]
The word o is derived from Georgian -ო (-o), the vocative case marker; Esperanto ho ("oh"); and English O, an archaizing vocative particle[149] (as in "O Canada").
okepuma[edit | edit source]
The word okepuma is derived from English ok boomer, an interjection used to dismiss attitudes such as climate change denial and bigotry that are associated with baby boomers. The original phrase became popular in 2019, and jan Elijo coined okepuma in the same year.
oko[edit | edit source]
The word oko is derived from Serbo-Croatian ȍko ("eye").[150]
olin[edit | edit source]
The word olin is derived from Serbo-Croatian volim ("I love").[151]
omen[edit | edit source]
The word omen is derived from o.m.e.m., an acronym of the Toki Pona sentence o moli e mi ("kill me"), possibly in reference to the English idiom "kill me now", a common sarcastic exclamation. The word was coined by jan inwin in 2017.[152]
ona[edit | edit source]
The word ona is derived from Serbo-Croatian òna ("she, they").[citation needed]
open[edit | edit source]
The word open is derived from Tok Pisin open and English open,[153] and possibly Dutch open ("open").
pa[edit | edit source]
The word pa and its uses are derived from English bruh, a shortening of brother from African-American Vernacular English. It was coined by jan Jan and jan Lija in 2019.
pakala[edit | edit source]
The word pakala is derived from Tok Pisin bagarap ("broken"), itself from English bugger up.[154]
pake[edit | edit source]
The word pake is derived from English block. It was coined by jan Sonja in 2009.
pali[edit | edit source]
The word pali is derived from Esperanto fari ("to do, to make").[155]
palisa[edit | edit source]
The word palisa is derived from Serbo-Croatian pȁlica (/pâlit͡sa/, "bat, rod, cane").[156]
pan[edit | edit source]
The word pan is derived from Romance pan and Japanese パン (pan), both ultimately from Latin pānis ("bread").[157]
pana[edit | edit source]
The etymology of the word pana is unclear. Possibilities include Finnish panna ("to put, to set"), and Swahili pana ("to give to each other").[158]
peto[edit | edit source]
The word peto is an initialism of a Toki Pona sentence fragment, pana e telo (tan) oko, lit. 'to emit liquid of (or from) the eye'.
pi[edit | edit source]
The word pi is derived from Tok Pisin bilong ("of, belonging to"),[159] itself from English belong.
pika[edit | edit source]
The word pika is derived from Pikachu, an Electric-type species of Pokémon that serves as the mascot of the Pokémon media franchise. Pikachu's name in all languages is borrowed from Japanese ピカチュウ (Pikachū, "Pikachu"), from ピカピカ (pikapika, "glittering, sparkling") + チュー (chū, "squeak"). pika was coined by Kriskee_ in 2021.[citation needed]
pilin[edit | edit source]
The word pilin is derived from Tok Pisin pilim ("to feel"), itself from English feel and Tok Pisin -im, the transitivizing suffix, from English him, 'em; and from English feeling.[160]
pimeja[edit | edit source]
The word pimeja is derived from Finnish pimeä (/ˈpimeæ/, "dark").[161]
pini[edit | edit source]
The word pini is derived from Acadian French fini ("finished, completed"),[162] pronounced /fini/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[163]
pipi[edit | edit source]
The word pipi is derived from Acadian French bibitte ("bug, critter"),[164] either pronounced /bɪbɪt/ or /bibɪt/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[165]
pipo[edit | edit source]
The word pipo is derived from pipi with influence from the verb sense of English bug ("to annoy"), and was coined by jan Ejewa and jan inwin in 2017.
poka[edit | edit source]
The word poka is derived from Serbo-Croatian bȍk ("side, flank") and its genitive form bȍka.[166]
poki[edit | edit source]
The word poki is derived from Tok Pisin bokis ("box"), itself from English box.[167]
polinpin[edit | edit source]
The word polinpin is derived from English bowling pin. It was coined by jan Kisinja in 2019.[168][169]
pomotolo[edit | edit source]
The word pomotolo is derived from the Pomodoro Technique, a time management method associated with a tomato-shaped kitchen timer. The name is itself from Italian pomodoro ("tomato"). pomotolo was coined in 2019 by jan Kawa in the ma pona pi toki pona community.[170]
pona[edit | edit source]
The word pona is derived from Esperanto bona ("good"),[171] itself from Romance languages, ultimately from Latin bonus ("good, kind, useful, healthy").
powe[edit | edit source]
The word powe is possibly derived from French faux (/fo/, "false") or pas vrai (/pa vʁɛ/, "not true").[172]
pu[edit | edit source]
The etymology of the word pu is uncertain. Proposals include English book, and Chinese 樸／朴 (pǔ, lit. 'unworked wood'), which is used as a Daoist metaphor for the natural state of humanity.[173] It was coined by jan Sonja as of 2009; see § History.
puwa[edit | edit source]
The word puwa is derived from Japanese ふわふわ (fuwafuwa, "softly, fluffily, like a pillow or foam"). It was coined in 2021 by jan Seli in the ma pona pi toki pona community.[174]
sama[edit | edit source]
The word sama is derived from Finnish sama ("same"), and Esperanto sama ("equal, same"),[175] itself from English same.
seli[edit | edit source]
The word seli is derived from Georgian ცხელი (cxeli /t͡sxeli/, "hot").[176]
selo[edit | edit source]
The word selo is derived from Esperanto ŝelo (/ˈʃelo/, "skin, peel"),[177] itself borrowed from English shell.
seme[edit | edit source]
The word seme is derived from Mandarin 什麼／什么 (shénme, "what").[178]
sewi[edit | edit source]
The word sewi is derived from Georgian ზევით (zevit, "upwards").[179]
sijelo[edit | edit source]
The word sijelo is derived from Serbo-Croatian tijȇlo ("body").[180]
sike[edit | edit source]
The word sike is derived from English circle,[181] possibly as a spelling pronunciation.
sin[edit | edit source]
The word sin is derived from Chinese 新 (xīn, "new").[182]
sina[edit | edit source]
The word sina is derived from Finnish sinä (/ˈsinæ/, "you").[77]
sinpin[edit | edit source]
The etymology of the word sinpin is unclear. nimi ale pona claims that it is derived from Cantonese 前邊／前边 (cin4 bin1, "in front").[183]
sipi[edit | edit source]
The word sipi is derived from Latin sibi, the dative case of the reflexive pronoun. It was coined by Toki Pona Forums user spad0103 in 2007.[184]
sitelen[edit | edit source]
The word sitelen is derived from Dutch schilderen (/ˈsxɪldərə(n)/, "to paint").[185]
slape[edit | edit source]
The word was coined by jan Kawa in 2017 and is a blend of the Toki Pona word lape and English sleep.[186]
soko[edit | edit source]
The word soko is derived from Georgian სოკო (soḳo /sokʼo/, "mushroom"). It was coined in 2019 by jan inwin in the ma pona pi toki pona community.[187]
sole[edit | edit source]
The word sole is derived from Spanish soler ("to do habitually, to tend to (do something), used to"). It was coined by waso Netun in 2022.[citation needed]
sona[edit | edit source]
The word sona is derived from Georgian ცოდნა (codna /t͡sodna/, "knowledge").[188]
soweli[edit | edit source]
The word soweli is derived from Georgian ცხოველი (cxoveli /t͡sxoveli/, "animal").[189]
su[edit | edit source]
su is likely to not have a concrete etymology. To follow the pattern of pu and ku, jan Sonja reserved every monosyllabic word with the vowel u that wasn't already taken: u, nu, lu, ju and su. Why su was chosen for this specific book series is unknown.
su (particle)[edit | edit source]
The particle su is derived from Esperanto ĉu (/t͡ʃu/), the interrogative particle. It was coined by jan Tesa.[190][primary source needed][when?]
This word was coined before those reserved for future use by jan Sonja,[citation needed] of which su was one.[191] Combined with the fact that it is nonstandard and was absent from Linku until well after the release of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Toki Pona edition), the particle su is likely to fall out of use after the release of the book series su. Similar, though less severe, conflicts apply to lu (conflicting with a synonym of lo) and nu (conflicting with a synonym of sin).
suli[edit | edit source]
The word suli is derived from Finnish suuri ("big").[192]
suno[edit | edit source]
The word suno is derived from Esperanto suno ("the Sun"),[193] itself from English sun.
supa[edit | edit source]
The word supa is derived from French surface (/syʁfas/, "surface"), Esperanto surfaco (/surˈfat͡so/, "surface"), and English surface,[194] all of which are cognates ultimately calqued from Latin superficiēs ("top, surface").
French surface is the only term in jan Sonja's 2002 etymological dictionary that she labeled FR, instead of specifying FR-NB for Acadian French,[194] which may have been an oversight or done to save space. Acadian French surface is also pronounced /syʁfas/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[195]
sutopatikuna[edit | edit source]
The word sutopatikuna is derived from Serbo-Croatian čudnovati kljunaš (lit. 'strange beak'). It was coined by Alexandre Baudry as an April Fools' joke in 2009, in response to the coinage of kijetesantakalu.[196]
suwi[edit | edit source]
The word suwi is derived from Tok Pisin swit, itself from English sweet.[197]
taki[edit | edit source]
The word taki is derived from Korean 탁 (tak), an onomatopoeia for a sudden collision, such as between two magnets hitting each other. It was coined in 2020 by jan Kapilu and jan Lewiku in the ma pona pi toki pona community.[198][199]
tan[edit | edit source]
The etymology of the word tan is uncertain. Some possibilities include Cantonese 從 (cung4, "to follow; from"),[200] Georgian -დან (-dan, "from, out of"),[201] and Dutch dan ("then").[202]
tankala[edit | edit source]
The word tankala is derived from Malay تڠݢارا (tenggara, "southeast").[203] It was coined by jan Sonja in 2021.[citation needed…]
taso[edit | edit source]
The word taso is derived from Tok Pisin tasol ("only, but"), from English that's all.[204]
tawa[edit | edit source]
The word tawa is derived from English towards.[205]
telo[edit | edit source]
The word telo is derived from Acadian French de l'eau ("(some) water"),[206] pronounced /dəlo/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[207]
tenpo[edit | edit source]
The word tenpo is derived from Esperanto tempo ("time"),[208] itself from Latin tempus ("time"). It is cognate with English tempo, temporal, and tense.
tokana[edit | edit source]
The word tokana is derived from Tongan tokanga ("attention, focus"). It was coined by jan Sojapoja in 2020.[209]
toki[edit | edit source]
The word toki is derived from Tok Pisin tok ("message, language"), itself from English talk.[210]
tomo[edit | edit source]
The word tomo is derived from Esperanto domo ("house").[211] It is cognate with English words such as dome, domicile, and dorm(itory).
tonsi[edit | edit source]
The word tonsi is derived from Mandarin 同志 (tóngzhì, "kindred spirit, comrade", lit. 'same will'), which has neologistic senses of "gay" and "queer (person)". tonsi was coined in 2019 by jan inwin as a proposal for a nimi sin for non-binary identity.[212] It was informally voted on in a series of polls in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server.[213]
The semantic space of tonsi originally proposed was broader than the currently accepted version. It meant "to break normative boundaries", and with jan would refer to nonbinary folks. tonsi was also not the original form of the word, as there were several other proposals.[214][215]
tu[edit | edit source]
The word tu is derived from English two.[216]
umesu[edit | edit source]
The word umesu is derived from conlang Iqglic umeyz (/əmejz/), from English amaze. It was coined in 2021 by jan Wija in the ma pona pi toki pona community.[217][218]
unpa[edit | edit source]
The word unpa is derived from sound symbolism or onomatopeia,[219] possibly for humping, or influenced by English oomph ("sex appeal").[220]
usawi[edit | edit source]
The word usawi is derived from Swahili uchawi ("witchcraft, sorcery").[221] It was coined by ka Tumu (Ðoom Epictooþ) in 2019.[222][223]
uta[edit | edit source]
The word uta is derived from Serbo-Croatian ústa ("mouth").[224]
utala[edit | edit source]
The word utala is derived from Serbo-Croatian ùdarati ("to hit, to strike").[225]
wa[edit | edit source]
The word wa is based on an exclamation, presumably Cantonese 嘩／哗 (waa3, "wow!, whoa!"), used by jan Lakuse's grandmother and repeated by them in 2020 in the ma pona pi toki pona community.[226][227]
waken[edit | edit source]
The word waken seems to be derived from English wuggen, a nonstandard plural of wug on the model of oxen. A multisyllabic form may have been used to tokiponize all segments /w/, /ʌ/, /ɡ/ and avoid collision with wa.
waleja[edit | edit source]
The word waleja is derived from Quenya valdëa ("of moment, important"). It was coined by jan inwin in 2019.
walo[edit | edit source]
The word walo is derived from Finnish valko- (/ˈʋɑlko-/), the combining form of valkoinen (/ˈʋɑlkoi̯nen/, "white").[77]
wan[edit | edit source]
The word wan is derived from English one.[228]
waso[edit | edit source]
The word waso is derived from Acadian French oiseau ("bird"),[229] pronounced /wɔzo/ in jan Sonja's idiolect.[230]
wawa[edit | edit source]
The word wawa is derived from Finnish vahva (/ˈʋɑhʋɑ/, "strong, powerful, determined").[231]
wawajete[edit | edit source]
The word wawajete is derived from an alteration of wuwojiti, a mnemonic for the disallowed syllables in Toki Pona phonotactics. It was coined by jan Tolin in 2019.
weka[edit | edit source]
The word weka is derived from Dutch weg ("away, gone").[232] It is cognate with English "(a)way".
wekama[edit | edit source]
The word wekama is a portmanteau of the Toki Pona words weka and kama, roughly meaning "away" and "coming", respectively. It was coined by jan ko[233] in July 2020.[234]
wi[edit | edit source]
The word wi is derived from English we. It was coined by jan inwin in 2017.
wile[edit | edit source]
The word wile is derived from Dutch willen ("to want, to desire").[235] It is cognate with English will, with the sense "to wish, to desire, to long", as in at will, willful, and willpower, not the future tense. Cognates with other languages include German wollen, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål ville, Swedish and Norwegian Nynorsk vilja, French vouloir, and Italian volere.
yupekosi[edit | edit source]
The word yupekosi was coined in 2019 by jan Sonja in the ma pona pi toki pona community as a keysmash.[236][237] The letter y in the word was accidental.
yutu[edit | edit source]
The word yutu is derived from Turkish yıldız (/jɯɫˈdɯz/, "star"). It was coined in 2021 by inari in the ma pona pi toki pona community. The letter y, shared with yupekosi, was originally a typo of j that was kept in the spelling as a joke.[238]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ jan Likipi [@lilscribby]. (22 September 2020). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 2 December 2023. "i wanna make a nimi sin called Pingo and it has to be capitalized and it means car". - ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ ilo Powa [@flora_key]. (30 July 2023). Message in the
#the nasa renaissance and its resultsthread in#toki-suli. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 3 April 2024. - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ rdmiller3. (5 October 2009). "nimi sin sin (eĉ plu novaj vortoj, even more new words)". Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedmetanomial2022 - ↑ Smoked Salmon [@sm.kedsalm.n]. (21 December 2018). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord.so hear me out: particles and adpositions all come before the thing they modify... except la.
I propose...
New Wor(l)d Order: phrase la context […]
if only al were tp legal >_>
alu, maybe - ↑ dub [@eochair]. (25 March 2019). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord.@eochair: al
-Like la but reversed
e.g.
"mi pali al tenpo ni" […]
@nateenate.: al is illegal
🚔 […]
@eochair: alu then @nateenate. - ↑ dub [@eochair]. (31 July 2019). Message in
#toki-ale. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord.@orsetto: @eochair what's alu's etymology?
@eochair: From toki pona la
i reversed it and added an epenthetic vowel […]
ala, ale and ali already being taken […]
i like u as a generic epenthetic vowel
which i probably got from other [toki pona] speakers' usage/japanese - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ ilo Powa [@flora_key]. (30 July 2023). Message in the
#the nasa renaissance and its resultsthread in#toki-suli. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 3 April 2024. - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ "Talk:apeja". en.tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ↑ jan Mato. (9 December 2009). "Any new obsolete meanings?". Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
- ↑ aikidave. (19 October 2020). "apeja". Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 28 November 2023.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Seli [@th3scribble]. (17 January 2021). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 4 August 2024. "i made it from a corruption of tenpo". - ↑ jan Seli [@th3scribble]. (17 January 2021). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 4 August 2024. "i'm thinking "enko" for the nimisin". - ↑ jan Seli [@th3scribble]. (23 June 2023). Message in
#toki-pi-sona-kulupu-tpt. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 4 August 2024.for a while i didnt know what to do with the e in my name
en and e feel meaningless and i didnt feel strongly about esun
when i used enko as a word i used it in my name but i stopped that a while ago
but then after i discussed using esun for breathe in #sona-musi i started to really like esun and now i use that - ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24.
- ↑ "Twi Translation of "market"". LEARNAKANDICTIONARY.COM. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (29 November 2020). Message in
#tomo-toki-ante. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. "esun was told to me by a taxi driver who spoke a language from the Akan family in West Africa". - ↑ jan inwin [@orsetto]. (29 June 2019). Message in
#tomo-toki-pini-ante. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 14 January 2024. - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ ko [@g4j]. (6 July 2020). Message in
#pali-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. - ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24. "isipin: jan ko"
- ↑ ko [@g4j]. (4 October 2020). Message in
#toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Seli [@th3scribble]. (26 January 2021). Message in
#toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 28 December 2023. "isipin is kinda dumb so here's a better nimisin: jume, dream". - ↑ jan Seli [@th3scribble]. (26 January 2021). Message in
#toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 28 December 2023. "anyway isipin is poorly thought out and not useful because of words like pilin, toki, and sona[.] jume is a similar idea but it's something that none of the other three expess". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Olipija [@0000____0000]. (31 March 2024). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 25 April 2024. "I may or may not be the creater[recte creator]Any mistakes near this tag have been reproduced verbatim from the source. of kalamARR". - ↑ jan Olipija [@0000____0000]. (5 April 2024). Message in the
#pu, ku & su - A Reasonable Redefinitionthread in#lipu. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 25 April 2024. "I added kalamARR into ku during the surveys". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sojapoja [@avocadonatello]. (13 June 2020). Message in
#pali-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 8 December 2023. - ↑ jan Sojapoja. (8 December 2023). "jan pi kamalawala". Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedjan2020 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedlang2009 - ↑ Ramachandran, V.S. & Hubbard, E.M. (2001). "Synaesthesia: A window into perception, thought and language" (PDF). Journal of Consciousness Studies. 8 (12): 3–34. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ↑ akesi kon Nalasuni [@nalathnidragon]. (13 September 2020). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 28 January 2024. "has anyone proposed "kiki" to mean "a spiky shape" yet". - ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (4 November 2019). Reply to @orsetto in
#toki-ale. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord.@orsetto: @sonjalang […] was kipisi really not from Swahili kipisi ‘sliver’?
@sonjalang: I thought it was from an Inuktitut word for cut - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Sonja Elen Kisa (15 May 2002). New word for stone, metal, mineral?. Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ↑ [email protected] (15 May 2002). New poll for toki pona. Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ↑ [email protected] (15 May 2002). Poll results for toki pona. Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (4 September 2020). Message in
#tomo-toki-pini-ante. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 12 December 2023. "from Esperanto "krokodilas"". - ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (4 September 2020). Message in
#tomo-toki-pini-ante. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 12 December 2023. "aaa mi kokosila". - ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (4 September 2020). Message in
#tomo-toki-pini-ante. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 12 December 2023. "kokosila = to speak a non-Toki Pona language in an environment where Toki Pona is more appropriate (any better definition?)". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Emalan. (12 August 2021). Message in the
#nimisin for lifethread in#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 23 December 2023. - ↑ jan Emalan. (12 August 2021). Message in the
#nimisin for lifethread in#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 23 December 2023. - ↑ lipamanka (posting a request from jan inwin) [@lipamanka]. (6 September 2021). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 27 February 2023.these are words requested to be added by jan Inwin
.. kosan kosan • guard, protect, defend, shield, brace, fortify from outside
←jan seni, jan inwin· Irish cosain (ar/ó) ‘defend, protect (against)’ - ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan inwin [@orsetto]. (4 December 2017). Message in
#jaki. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 23 November 2023. - ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedfranklin1980 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedtung2014 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedverhaar1991 - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan inwin [@orsetto]. (2 November 2017). Message in
#pana-sona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. - ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Theepicosity [@theepicosity]. (2 October 2020). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 12 March 2024. Summarized conversation:akesi kon Nalasuni: (pilin mi la please do not actually everything preps, it makes sentence parsing very uncomfortably difficult to me)
- I would much rather have a prep-marker particle
Theepicosity: sona musi: lon is actually the prep marker particle
- mi pali lon utala sina = i work against you
- or maybe thats better suited for la
- utala sina la mi pali
- yeah
- i could see that
kala pona Tonyu: oo
- omg the prep marker is alu
- everything's solved now everyone go home
Theepicosity: if you really wanted to use alu you could shorten it to just lu
- and lu = prep marker
kala pona Tonyu: oooo LU
akesi kon Nalasuni: mi sitelen e lipu lu utala sina?
Theepicosity: yeee
kala pona Tonyu: i like lu
- ↑ Theepicosity [@theepicosity]. (2 October 2020). Message in
#jaki. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 12 March 2024.another musi concept word, that everyone seems to want really badly:
Prepositional Particle - lu
lu comes directly before a preposition to indicate the start of a prepositional phrase
lu is not required when the word after is in the prepositional class. (e.g. tawa, kepeken, lon, sama, en tan) This is so that sentences which are pre-lu remain the same.
usually, only the first word after the lu is used as a preposition, but this depends on how much you like modifying preps.Examples:
mi pali e ijo ni lu utala sina.
I make this object in opposition to you.
mi pana e ijo mi tawa sina lu esun ijo sina.
I give this thing to you in exchange for your thing.
- ↑ jan Pensa [@jpensa]. (27 September 2021). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 12 March 2024. "yeah, I've been thinking lately that, even though lu is pre-ku and it existed before Sonja reserving the word, if lu wants to be future-proof it might be better to change it to "lo" or something. maybe even have it be an ale/ali situation :P". - ↑ jan Pensa [@jpensa]. (5 October 2021). Message in
#jaki. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 12 March 2024.lo – ~post-ku~ Prepositional particle that marks that the next word is a preposition.
← post-ku variant of lu, to avoid collision with the word reserved by Sonja (see
... lu)Allows for non-pu prepositions. lo is not required when the word after is in the prepositional class (e.g. tawa, kepeken, lon, sama, tan), but it can be used to disambiguate (e.g. mi pana e tomo lo tawa sina)
Examples:mi pali e ijo ni lo utala sina.
I make this object in opposition to you.
mi pana e ijo mi tawa sina lo esun ijo sina.
I give this thing to you in exchange for your thing.
Usually, only the first word after lo is used as a preposition. You can use lo with ja to make modified or compound prepositions (see
... ja).See
... unambiguousfor more experimental ways to grammatically disambiguate Toki Pona. - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedolipija2020 - ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (4 November 2019). Message in
#toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. "I experimented with words like monsuta, pake, majuna, powe, misikeke". - ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (4 November 2019). Message in
#toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. "If I remember correctly, misikeke comes from Ojibwa or from Mikmaq language". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ "monsuta". Toki Pona. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (4 November 2019). Message in
#toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 26 December 2023. "I can invent words on the spot.... [...] mulapisu now means pizza [...] etymology I just made it up spontaneously". - ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (21 September 2023). Message in
#=toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 26 December 2023. "i just mashed my keyboard randomly for yupekosi and mulapisu as a joke [...] then tried to think of meanings afterwards". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Schaefer, Albrecht G. (2001). Pidgin-English für Papua-Neuguinea: Wort für Wort. p. 164.
nasau: blöde, verrückt
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Lakuse [@raacz106]. (27 October 2020). Message in
#jaki. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 9 December 2023. - ↑ jan Lakuse [@raacz106]. (28 July 2021). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 9 December 2023.natu “relationship, cross, intersection, knot, overlap, to overstep, correlation, junction, fold”
← Vietnamese ngã tư ‘crossroads, four-way intersection - ↑ jan Emalan. (31 July 2021). Message in
#pali-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 17 December 2023. "Since len is often used for something that literally or figuratively conceals something, then a nimi sin could be the opposite in that sense; something that can be literally seen through (like glass, a mesh, water, etc) or something that allows for knowledge to be spread where it may have been blocked before (like the figurative use of "transparency").". - ↑ soweli Kina [@neonpixii]. (31 July 2021). Message in
#pali-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 17 December 2023. "what if the word was just "nele" or something. the opposite of len in terms of its spelling". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan inwin [@orsetto]. (27 November 2017). Message in
#toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 4 March 2024. "canonize 'o·m·e·m' (← 'o moli e mi') into an actuall tp word 'omen', meaning "sarcasm, sarcastic"". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Kisinja [@kisinja]. (14 March 2019). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. - ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 332.
- ↑ jan Kawa [@j.kawa]. (15 February 2019). Message in
#tomo-toki-pini-ante. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 29 December 2023. "New: TP word "pomotolo", meaning: Effective, useful, "to give [good] results"". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ jan Mato (9 January 2010). "Re: What is pu". Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
- ↑ jan Seli [@th3scribble]. (22 January 2021). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 25 December 2023. "I was thinking fluffy or soft could be puwa (from fuwafuwa) but pupa is almost identical". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ spad0103. (20 January 2007). "Re: Word requests / Petoj pri vortoj". Toki Pona Forums. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Kawa [@j.kawa]. (25 June 2017). Message in
#toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. "Slape li ike". - ↑ jan inwin [@orsetto]. (4 November 2019). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. "i rather like the sound of soko from Georgian სოკო sokʼo "mushroom"". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 351.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ 194.0 194.1 "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ Baudry, Alexandre (1 April 2009). "RE: New official word / Nova oficiala vorto". "Dear Sonja, That's a great idea, but if you do so, you need also to add a special word for the Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). I would suggest the word "sutopatikuna" from the croatian word [č]udnovati kljuna […]". Toki Pona Forums. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24.
- ↑ jan Kapilu [@jankapilu]. (5 December 2020). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 25 December 2023.taki - from Korean 탁 (tag), (onomatopoeia, the sound of magnets sticking to each other)
adjective: sticky, magnetic
verb: to stick something, to put things together, to glue
e.g.:
mi taki e sitelen ni lon sinpin - I stick this image on the wall
kiwen taki - magnets
moku taki - gum
telo taki - slime/glue - ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan, van Der Meulen, Spencer H., jan Lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "Nimi Ale Pona. 2nd ed.". Google Sheets.
- ↑ jansegers. (29 May 2020). "Toki Pona Root Word Etymology Page". Medium.
- ↑ jan Pilipe. (27 July 2015). "Re: Whence these words?". Toki Pona Forums. "tan - Dutch 'dan' same as 'then' in English […]".
- ↑ jan Sonja. (15 April 2024). Message in
#sitelen-pona-discussion. ma pi nasin sitelen. Discord. Retrieved 23 May 2024. "according to this dictionary, there is a "oko kon" tankala (i.e. a nasin) and also a tenpo tankala". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Lakuse [@raacz106]. (14 October 2022). Message in
#pana-sona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 16 January 2024.it was actually made exclusively by sojapoja to mean 'concentrate' by every sense of the word
you could technically use tokana to describe a television's pixel resolution. that was the idea i think
but it also means to focus
it's only ever really been used in this space in jest. it's also a preverb - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan inwin [@orsetto]. (17 July 2019). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedinwin2019a - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedinwin2019b - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedinwin2019c - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Wija. (2 February 2021). Message in
#musi-ako. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 14 January 2024. - ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (6 February 2024). Message in
#pana-sona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. "i assumed it came from the english word oomph". - ↑ ka Tumu [@dhooth]. (28 January 2021). Message in
#jaki. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 17 November 2023. "swahili uchawi iirc". - ↑ ka Tumu [@dhooth]. (28 November 2019). Message in
#sona-musi. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 17 November 2023.usawi
supernatural, magical, digital, technologically advanced, magic, technology, to interact with magic or technology - ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Lakuse [@raacz106]. (4 August 2020). Message in
#tomo-toki-pini-ante. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 9 December 2023. "i use wa as an exclamation but that comes from my cantonese speaking grandmother and nobody understands it when i say it". - ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 24. "wa: mama mama pi jan Lakuse"
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (5 August 2024). Message in
#toki. sona.pona.la. Discord. Retrieved 5 August 2024. "acadian french is not standardized, but in my own transcription of my own idiolect:". - ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ Moniz, C. Ryan (jan inwin); van der Meulen, Spencer H. (jan Pensa); lipamanka. (8 October 2020). "nimi ale pona (2nd ed.)". Google Docs.
- ↑ ko [@g4j]. (13 July 2020). Message in
#tomo-toki-pini-ante. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 6 March 2023.mi wekama
also, when i meant wekama, i meant weka, then kama
weka kama
wekakama
wekama
- ↑ "Word Origins". tokipona.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2002.
- ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (4 November 2019). Message in
#toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 5 December 2023. "another new word is 'yupekosi'". - ↑ jan Sonja [@sonjalang]. (21 September 2023). Message in
#toki-pona. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. Retrieved 26 December 2023. "i just mashed my keyboard randomly for yupekosi and mulapisu as a joke [...] then tried to think of meanings afterwards". - ↑ inari28 [@inari28]. (7 August 2021). Message in
#tomo-suno. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord.@inari28:
yutu - discord star emoji
-> turkish yıldız
@mathmaster13: it has a y
@inari28: i meant to write jutu but let's keep it yutu
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