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Preverb marking: Difference between revisions
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''ta'' and ''ni'' are options for a preverb-marking particle in ''toki pona''. Both work the same in practice, but one might be preferred to another in a given ''nasin'' based off of disambiguation or intuitiveness. Similarly to ''[[e]]'', ''ta'' and ''ni'' vary in their meaning depending on the type of word included in the preverb phrase.
For ''transitive words'' (such as ''alasa'', where the object is the ''patient'' of the predicate), ''ta'' affects the main predicate by treating a preverb as a layer over the main predicate:<blockquote>mi utala ta toki e ni. → mi utala e ni: mi toki e ni. → ''I resist saying that.''</blockquote>For ''intransitive words'' (such as ''ken'', where the object is made to be or do the predicate), the preverb affects the main predicate by commenting on the main predicate and object:<blockquote>jan mute li nasin ta tawa tomo pali. → ni li nasin: jan mute li tawa tomo pali. → ''Many people have a habit/duty of going to work.''</blockquote>Similarly to traditional preverbs, the order of words in a ''ta'' phrase can greatly impact the meaning of the final message by changing the ordering of levels. Additionally, ''ala'' retains its usage of negating preverbs in a ''ta'' phrase.▼
▲For ''transitive words'' (such as ''alasa'', where the object is the ''patient'' of the predicate),
Only one ''ta'' is necessary in a sentence, and repeating it is redundant. Similarly to ''mi'' and ''sina'' for ''[[li]]'', the "canonical" lexical class of preverbs (''alasa'', ''awen'', ''ken'', ''kama'', ''lukin/oko'', ''sona'', and ''wile'') do not need ''ta'' to be interpreted as preverbs.▼
▲Only one ''ta'' or ''ni'' is necessary in a sentence, and repeating it is redundant. Similarly to ''mi'' and ''sina'' for ''[[li]]'', the "canonical" lexical class of preverbs (''alasa'', ''awen'', ''ken'', ''kama'', ''lukin/oko'', ''sona'', and ''wile'') do not need ''ta'' or ''ni'' to be interpreted as preverbs.
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