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{{Short description|Constructed language}}
[[File:Toki pona.svg|thumb|180px200px|TheThis is the [[Toki Pona logo]]. It is retrofitted into {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} as the [[sitelen pona#Combined glyphs|combined glyph]] {{sp|toki-pona}}.]]
'''Toki Pona''' is a philosophical artistic {{wp|constructed language}} created by [[Sonja Lang]] in 2001. It is designed for talking about things by explaining them in simple terms.<ref>{{cite YouTube|id=n3p4-GFXrkM|title={{tok|o ku}}: introducing the Toki Pona Dictionary|author={{tok|[[jan Misali]]}}|channel={{tok|jan Misali}}|handle=HBMmaster|date=2021-07-19|access-date=2023-12-03|quote=}}</ref>
 
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Many [[:Category:Media|creative works]] have been made in Toki Pona or translated into it.
 
== Name ==
'''{{tp|[[toki]] [[pona]]}}''' (all lowercase) is the language's most commonly used {{wp|endonym}}. Notably, it is not a [[Names|proper name]]; the phrase literally means "good speech" and can describe any good communication. Some speakers use other phrases to refer to the language, such as {{tp|toki [[ni]]}} ("this language").
 
Toki Pona (titlecased) is the language's proper name in other languages such as English, French, and German. It is usually translated as "[[Toki Pona: The Language of Good|the language of good]]" (Esperanto: {{lang|eo|''la lingvo de bono''}}, French: {{lang|fr|''la langue du bien''}}, German: {{lang|de|''die Sprache des Guten''}}). In Esperanto, the name is altered to '''{{lang|eo|Tokipono}}'''.
 
== Language rules ==
# '''[[Phonology]]''': Letters are pronounced as in the {{w|[[International Phonetic Alphabet}}]]. [[Stress]] is on the start of each word. {{Indent|Most of the consonants are intuitive to English speakers. {{tp|j}} is an {{tp|i}} with a swash tail, pronounced like English Y as in "fjord" and "hallelujah". Vowels are pronounced as in languages like Spanish, Japanese, and Esperanto.}} {{Indent|There are well-defined [[phonotactics]], but that only matters for transliterating [[name]]s.}}<hr style="margin:0.5em 0;" />
# '''[[Modifiers]]''' (adjectives[[adjective]]s or adverbs[[adverb]]s) come after their heads[[head]]s (nouns[[noun]]s or verbs[[verb]]s). {{Indent|In {{tp|<u>toki</u> pona}}, {{tp|toki}} ("language") is the head, and {{tp|pona}} ("good") is the modifier. {{tp|<u>sike</u> loje mi}} is literally "<u>ball</u> red my", and means "my red <u>ball</u>". This is typically the opposite of English, but there are counterexamples like "<u>someone</u> special", "<u>anything</u> new", "<u>time</u> immemorial", and "<u>Alcoholics</u> Anonymous".}}
# '''[[Names|Proper names]]''' are modifiers and require a descriptive [[Headnouns|head]]. {{Indent|[[Sonja Lang]] becomes {{tp|jan Sonja}}, "the person Sonja". Canada becomes {{tp|ma Kanata}}, "the place Canada".}}
# '''Phrasal modifiers''' start with {{tp|[[pi]]}}, which groups the rest of the phrase. {{Indent|{{tp|tomo telo nasa}} means "strange water room", perhaps "weird washroom"; {{tp|tomo}} is modified by {{tp|telo}} and {{tp|nasa}}. {{tp|tomo pi telo nasa}} means "strange-water room", perhaps "pub", because alcohol is a liquid that makes people strange; {{tp|tomo}} is modified by {{tp|telo nasa}}, wherein {{tp|telo}} is modified by {{tp|nasa}}.}} {{Indent|{{tp|pi}}This isgrammatical aconstruction canis of worms. Many speakerssometimes [[pin't|avoid itavoided]].}}
# '''Multiple subjects[[subject]]s''' are separated with {{tp|[[en]]}}.<hr style="margin:0.5em 0;" />
# '''Predicates''' come after all subjects. {{tp|[[li]]}} starts each predicate, with two exceptions: If the subject is only {{tp|mi}} ("I", "we") or only {{tp|sina}} ("you"), {{tp|li}} is dropped. {{Indent|The main word of the predicate can be analyzed as a verb. By this analysis, Toki Pona has dynamic and stative verbs. In the sentence {{tp|mi moku}}, the word {{tp|moku}} can be dynamic, "to eat", or stative, "to be food" (less likely in this case).}}
# '''Yes-or-no [[question]]s''' are formed with "verb {{tp|ala}} verb", or with {{tp|anu seme}} at the end. The main way to answer "yes" is to repeat the verb.{{Indent|Open-ended questions are formed with {{tp|[[seme]]}}.}}
# '''Commands''' use {{tp|[[o]]}} in place of {{tp|li}}. If the subject is only {{tp|sina}}, that subject can be dropped.
# '''[[Preverb]]s''' (auxiliary verbs) come before their main verb. {{Indent|Only certain words have preverb definitions, mainly {{tp|[[awen]]}} ("to continue"), {{tp|[[kama]]}} ("to come", as in {{tp|kama sona}}, "to come to know", "to learn", or {{tp|kama jo}}, "to come to have", "to get"), {{tp|[[ken]]}} ("to be able"), {{tp|[[lukin]] / [[alasa]]}} ("to try"), {{tp|[[sona]]}} ("to know how"), and {{tp|[[wile]]}} ("to need / want").}}<hr style="margin:0.5em 0;" />
# '''Direct objects''' come after their respective verb. {{tp|[[e]]}} starts each direct object. {{Indent|A basic sentence is {{tp|ona li sona e toki pona}}. {{tp|ona}} ("they") is the subject, {{tp|sona}} ("to know") is the verb marked by {{tp|li}}, and {{tp|toki pona}} is the direct object marked by {{tp|e}}.}}
# '''Prepositional phrases''' use no special particle. {{Indent|{{tp|[[kepeken]]}}, {{tp|[[lon]]}}, {{tp|[[sama]]}}, {{tp|[[tawa]]}}, and {{tp|[[tan]]}} have [[preposition]] definitions. {{tp|e}} can still change a preposition to a transitive verb. {{tp|mi tawa ma}} means "I go to the land"; {{tp|mi tawa e ma}} means "I move the land", or "{{tp|mi}} makes the {{tp|ma}} into {{tp|ma tawa}}".}}<hr style="margin:0.5em 0;" />
# '''Context phrases''' come before the main sentence. {{tp|[[la]]}} ends each context phrase.
 
==Benefits and applications==
{{Main|Benefits and applications}}
===Managing thoughts===
Toki Pona has many alleged [[benefits and applications]] across fields such as therapy, communication science, computer science, language learning, and teaching. These are often cited as reasons to learn the language.
Toki Pona was created to help manage thoughts during depression, and its therapeutic applications have been studied in professional contexts. In 2007, Pekka Roponen, working as a psychiatrist in Finland, had patients track their thoughts in Toki Pona and claimed that "negative thought patterns and cognitions can be transferred and eliminated by simply using the language."<ref name="Canadian has people talking about lingo she created">{{cite web|url=//theglobeandmail.com/technology/canadian-has-people-talking-about-lingo-she-created/article20399052|title=Canadian has people talking about lingo she created|author=Roberts, Siobhan|username=|date=July 9, 2007|website={{w|The Globe and Mail}}|publisher=|access-date=2023-12-28|quote=}}</ref>
 
== History ==▼
According to {{tok|jan Sonja}}, the lack of superfluity in Toki Pona can make it useful for problem-solving: "It helps you see patterns, and how things are connected in different ways".<ref name="Canadian has people talking about lingo she created" />
{{Needs work|AddIs majoranything informationnotable fromon [[History]] missing?|section}}▼
 
{{Main|History}}
===Language strategies===
{{Timeline}}
According to an experiment by Paolo Coluzzi while teaching Italian at the {{wp|University of Malaya}}, Toki Pona can improve speakers' [[circumlocution]] and other communication strategies when learning additional languages. Use of these strategies makes up for unknown or forgotten words and expressions in the unfamiliar language.<ref>Coluzzi, P. (2022). "How learning Toki Pona may help improving communication strategies in a foreign or second language." ''Language Problems and Language Planning'', ''46''(1), 78–98. https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00086.col.</ref>
 
===Computer science===
Toki Pona has been studied in computer science. The {{w|Robot Interaction Language}} was initially based on Toki Pona; according to tests in 2010, the modified Toki Pona vocabulary outperformed English in speech recognition accuracy.<ref>Mubin, Omar; Bartneck, Christoph; Feijs, Loe (2010). "[//researchgate.net/publication/221418730 Towards the Design and Evaluation of {{abbr|ROILA|Robot Interaction Language}}: A Speech Recognition Friendly Artificial Language]". ''Advances in Natural Language Processing''. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. LNCS 6233/2010. pp. 250–256. [//doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14770-8_28 doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14770-8_28].</ref>
 
▲== History ==
▲{{Needs work|Add major information from [[History]]|section}}
Sonja Lang started developing Toki Pona to simplify her thoughts during periods of depression. It was also partly inspired by Taoist philosophy. She shared early versions of the language online starting in August 2001, and got feedback on words and features. The project initially gained popularity with Esperantists. Much of the early activity was on Yahoo! Groups, from March 2002 onwards, and a [[Toki Pona Forums|dedicated phpBB forum]].
 
=== {{tp|tenpo pu}} ===
Sonja Lang published the first official Toki Pona book, ''[[Toki Pona: The Language of Good]]'' ({{tp|lipu pu}}), in May 2014. It marked the end of her development of the language, and presented her own way of using it. The book presents Toki Pona's philosophy and is mostly dedicated to lessons, with texts and dictionaries afterward. It includes 120 main words, with 3 more presented as "[[synonym]]s". It also features two [[writing system]]s created for the language: {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} and {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}}.
 
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{{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} was proposed for the [[UCSUR]] in August 2021, providing a standard for its encoding in fonts, and thus as plain text.
 
=== {{tp|tenpo ku}} ===▼
Later in 2021, the [[Linku]] dictionary project was started.▼
 
▲=== {{tp|tenpo ku}} ===
In July 2021, Sonja Lang compiled the descriptive ''[[Toki Pona Dictionary]]'' ({{tp|lipu ku}}), providing [https://tokipona.org/Sonja_Lang_-_Toki_Pona_Dictionary.pdf corrections and clarifications of {{tp|lipu pu}}] and passing the torch of the language's evolution onto the community.
 
A yearly celebration of Toki Pona's anniversary, {{tp|[[suno pi toki pona]]}}, began on August 2021.
 
▲LaterIn inSeptember 2021, the [[Linku]] dictionary project was started.
 
In December 2021, {{tp|lipu pu}} was translated to German as {{lang|de|''Toki Pona: Die Sprache des Guten''}} with bonus material from {{tp|lipu ku}}.
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{{tp|lipu pu}} was translated into Esperanto as {{lang|eo|''Tokipono: La lingvo de bono''}}, published in October 2022. The edition includes notes and words featured in {{tp|lipu ku}}, and additional Toki Pona texts.
 
== Usage ==
{{EmptyMain|Usage}}
Toki Pona has been the subject or source language of various pieces of academia, [[art]], [[media]], and [[software]].
 
== Community ==
{{Main|Communities}}
The [https://[tokipona.org |official Toki Pona website]] links to several communities, as well as a [[lipu Wikipesija]] project page createddesigned to help with the ISO language code application:▼
 
▲The [https://tokipona.org official Toki Pona website] links to several communities, as well as a [[lipu Wikipesija]] project page created to help with the ISO language code application:
 
<blockquote>
*Discord:
**<strong>[https://discord.gg/nbgXCC6 {{toktp|ma pona pi toki pona}}]</strong> &longleftarrow; important cultural centre
**[https://discord.gg/arjV4Nw {{toktp|ma toki pona}}] (Toki Pona only)
**[https://discord.gg/PZux79Cw3J {{toktp|kama sona}}] (for beginners)
*Telegram: [https://t.me/+UqUj9OFM_9e8iPUW {{toktp|toki pona -– jan li wile pona taso}}]
*Mastodon: [https://toki.social/public {{tok|toki}}.social]
*Facebook: [https://facebook.com/groups/sitelen {{toktp|toki pona}}]
*[https://wikipesija.org/wiki/Wikipesija:lipu_pi_toki_Inli/Where_is_Toki_Pona_used%3F [Where is Toki Pona used?]]
</blockquote>
 
== References ==
{{Wikipedia}}
<references />
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