Toki Pona: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Toki pona.svg|thumb|180px|The [[Toki Pona logo]]. It is retrofittedfitted into {{sp|[[sitelen-pona]]|sitelen pona}} as the [[sitelen pona#Combined glyphs|combined glyph]] {{sp|toki-pona}}.]]
'''Toki Pona''' is a philosophical artistic {{wp|constructed language}} created by [[Sonja Lang]] in 2001. It is designed for talking about things by explaining them in simple terms.<ref>{{cite YouTube|id=n3p4-GFXrkM|title={{tok|o ku}}: introducing the Toki Pona Dictionary|author={{tok|[[jan Misali]]}}|channel={{tok|jan Misali}}|handle=HBMmaster|date=2021-07-19|access-date=2023-12-03|quote=}}</ref>
 
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== Language rules ==
# '''[[Phonology]] and Modifiers''': Letters are pronounced as in the {{w|International Phonetic Alphabet}}. Stress is on the start of each word. Most of the consonants are intuitive to English speakers. {{tp|j}} is an {{tp|i}} with a swash tail, pronounced like English Y as in "fjord" and "hallelujah". Vowels are pronounced as in languages like Spanish, Japanese, and Esperanto. There are well-defined [[phonotactics]], but that only matters for transliterating [[name]]s. Modifiers (adjectives or adverbs) come after their heads (nouns or verbs). {{sp|toki-pona|toki pona}}, {{sp|toki}} toki (language) is the head, and {{sp|pona}} pona ("good") is the modifier. {{sp|sike loje mi|sike loje mi}} is literally "ball red my", and means "my red ball". This is typically the opposite of English, but there are counterexamples like "<u>someone<u> special", "<u>anything</u> new", and "<u>time</u> immemorial"
# '''Modifiers''' (adjectives or adverbs) come after their heads (nouns or verbs). {{sp|toki-pona|toki pona}}, {{sp|toki|toki}} ("language") is the head, and {{sp|pona|pona}} ("good") is the modifier. {{sp|sike loje mi|sike loje mi}} is literally "ball red my", and means "my red ball". This is typically the opposite of English, but there are counterexamples like "<u>someone<u> special", "<u>anything</u> new", "<u>time</u> immemorial", and "<u>Alcoholics</u> Anonymous".
# '''[[Names|Proper names]]''' are modifiers and require a descriptive [[Headnouns|head]]. {{Indent|[[Sonja Lang]] becomes {{tp|jan Sonja}}, "the person Sonja". Canada becomes {{tp|ma Kanata}}, "the place Canada".}}
# '''Phrasal modifiers''' start with {{tp|[[pi]]}}, which groups the rest of the phrase. {{Indent|{{tp|tomo telo nasa}} means "strange water room", perhaps "weird washroom"; {{tp|tomo}} is modified by {{tp|telo}} and {{tp|nasa}}. {{tp|tomo pi telo nasa}} means "strange-water room", perhaps "pub", because alcohol is a liquid that makes people strange; {{tp|tomo}} is modified by {{tp|telo nasa}}, wherein {{tp|telo}} is modified by {{tp|nasa}}.}} {{tp|pi}} is a can of worms. Many speakers [[pin't|avoid it]].}}
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<references />
{{General}}
[[Category:Toki Pona| ]]