User:ItMarki/Chemical nomenclature in Toki Pona: Difference between revisions

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 == Preface ==
 This is an attempt to establish a system of inorganic and organic chemical nomenclature in Toki Pona. It is written to test how good Toki Pona is at naming scientific (specifically chemical) concepts using as few neologisms as possible.
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 === Tokiponization ===
-: ''See the section [[Names#Tokiponization]] for more information.''
+: ''See the section [[Names#Tokiponization|Names#Tokiponization]] for more information.''
 Tokiponization is the act of transcribing a foreign word into Toki Pona's phonology and phonotactics. All words created this way act as adjectives and must describe another word, usually a noun. For specific rules about Tokiponization, see [[#Rules for transcription into Toki Pona|Rules for transcription into Toki Pona]].
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 Alternatively, the Stock nomenclature, developed by German chemist Alfred Stock, can be used. In Toki Pona, oxyacids are named as {{tp|apo [central element][oxidation state in Roman numerals, surrounded in parentheses]}}. Therefore, in this system, nitric acid is {{tp|[[#apo|apo]] Nitoken(V)}}, and the four oxyacids containing chlorine as stated above is {{tp|[[#apo|apo]] Kolin(VII)}}, {{tp|[[#apo|apo]] Kolin(V)}}, {{tp|[[#apo|apo]] Kolin(III)}} and {{tp|[[#apo|apo]] Kolin(I)}}, in that order.
-The two nomenclature systems can applied to ions from acids. In both cases, {{tp|wan Ijon}} is added to before {{tp|[[#apo|apo]]}}. Thus, in the Stock nomenclauture and the IUPAC nomenclature, the nitrate ion (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) is {{tp|wan Ijon apo Nitoken(VII)}} and {{tp|wan Ijon apo Nitoken}} respectively. However, names of acids that are not derived through the Stock nomenclature are more common than those derived through the nomenclature, so it is recommended that the IUPAC nomenculature be used whenever possible.
+The two nomenclature systems can applied to ions from acids. In both cases, {{tp|wan Ijon}} is added to before {{tp|[[#apo|apo]]}}. Thus, in the Stock nomenclauture and the IUPAC nomenclature, the nitrate ion (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) is {{tp|wan Ijon [[#apo|apo]] Nitoken(VII)}} and {{tp|wan Ijon [[#apo|apo]] Nitoken}} respectively. However, names of acids that are not derived through the Stock nomenclature are more common than those derived through the nomenclature, so it is recommended that the IUPAC nomenculature be used for acids whenever possible.
+=== Binary compounds ===
+A binary compound is compound which consists of only two elements. Binary compounds can be divided into binary ionic compounds and binary covalent compounds, which have different naming methods.
+==== Binary ionic compounds ====
+For binary ionic compounds, elements have at least one oxidation state. If an element has multiple oxidation states, it can give out or accept different numbers of electrons depending on the situation.
+* When an element usually only has one oxidation state:
+** Do not place the oxidation state in Roman numerals after the element. For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) is <span style="color: green;">{{tp|kiwen Nasijun Kolin}}</span> instead of <span style="color: red;">{{tp|kiwen Nasijun(I) Kolin}}</span>, and beryllium fluoride (BeF<sub>2</sub>) is <span style="color: green;">{{tp|kiwen Pelilijun Polin}}</span> instead of <span style="color: red;">{{tp|kiwen Pelilijun(II) Polin}}</span>.
+* When an element usually has more than one oxidation states:
+** The oxidation state should always be placed in Roman numerals after the element. For example:
+*** Iron(II) chloride, FeCl<sub>2</sub>, is {{tp|kiwen Pelun(II) Kolin}};
+*** Iron(III) chloride, FeCl<sub>3</sub>, is {{tp|kiwen Pelun(III) Kolin}};
+*** Manganese(II) oxide, MnO, is {{tp|kiwen Mankane(II) Osiken}};
+*** Manganese(III) oxide, Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, is {{tp|kiwen Mankane(III) Osiken}};
+*** Manganese dioxide, (or manganese(IV) oxide), MnO<sub>2</sub>, is {{tp|kiwen Mankane(IV) Osiken}}; and
+*** Manganese(VII) oxide, Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, is {{tp|kiwen Mankane(VII) Osiken}}.
+** Alternatively, in some compounds, there is an integral ratio of the amount of atoms of one element (B) to the amount of atoms of another element (A), such as manganese dioxide. In this case, {{tp|[kiwen/...] [element A] [the amount of atoms of A] [element B] [the amount of atoms of B]}} can be used. Ones can be omitted. Therefore, manganese dioxide can be expressed as {{tp|kiwen Mankane Osiken tu}}.
+* When an element in a binary ionic compound has an oxidation state different from its usual one(s):
+** The oxidation state should always be placed in Roman numerals after the element. For example, aluminium(II) oxide (AlO) is {{tp|kiwen Aluminijun(II) Osiken}}, while iron(II,III) oxide (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) is {{tp|kiwen Pelun(II,III) Osiken}}.
+* Ions can also be named using the methods stated above. For example, iron(II) (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) is {{tp|wan Ijon Pelun(II)}}, while iron(III) (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) is {{tp|wan Ijon Pelun(III)}}.
+==== Binary covalent compounds ====
+For binary covalent compounds, simply state the constituents and their number in the order they are given, omitting the number one if necessary. For example:
+* Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) is {{tp|kon Nitoken tu Osiken}};
+* Nitric oxide or nitrogen monoxide (NO) is {{tp|kon Nitoken Osiken}};
+* Nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) is {{tp|kon Nitoken Osiken tu}};
+* Dinitrogen trioxide (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) is {{tp|kon Nitoken tu Osiken san}};
+* Dinitrogen tetroxide (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) is {{tp|kon Nitoken tu Osiken po}}; and
+* Dinitrogen pentoxide (N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) is {{tp|kon Nitoken tu Osiken luka}}.
+==== Special compounds and ions ====
+Water (H<sub>2</sub>O) is {{tp|telo}}, but {{tp|telo Akuwa}} or other names are also acceptable in cases where {{tp|telo}} alone would be ambiguous. Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) is {{tp|kon Amonija}}, and ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) is {{tp|wan Ijon Amonija}}. Hydroxide (OH<sup>-</sup>) is {{tp|wan Ijon Itoken Osiken}}. Cyanogen [(CN)<sub>2</sub>] is {{tp|kon Sijanoken}} and cyanide (CN-) is {{tp|wan Ijon Sijanoken}}.
 == Organic chemistry ==