User:ItMarki/Chemical nomenclature in Toki Pona: Difference between revisions

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! ''Z'' !! Symbol !! Toki Pona name
! ''Z'' !! Symbol !! Toki Pona name
|-
|-
| style="width: 33.333%" | 1 || style="width: 33.333%" | H || {{tp|Itoken}}
| style="width: 20%" | 1 || style="width: 20%" | H || {{tp|Itoken}}
|-
|-
| 2 || He || {{tp|Elijun}}
| 2 || He || {{tp|Elijun}}
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| 10 || Ne || {{tp|Nejon}}
| 10 || Ne || {{tp|Nejon}}
|-
|-
| 11 || Na || {{tp|Nasijun}}
| 11 || Na || {{tp|Nasijun}} (from Latin {{lang|la|natrium}})
|-
|-
| 12 || Mg || {{tp|Manesijun}}
| 12 || Mg || {{tp|Manesijun}}
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| 18 || Ar || {{tp|Akon}}
| 18 || Ar || {{tp|Akon}}
|-
|-
| 19 || K || {{tp|Kalijun}}
| 19 || K || {{tp|Kalijun}} (from Latin {{lang|la|kalium}})
|-
|-
| 20 || Ca || {{tp|Kakijun}}
| 20 || Ca || {{tp|Kakijun}}
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| 25 || Mn || {{tp|Mankane}}
| 25 || Mn || {{tp|Mankane}}
|-
|-
| 26 || Fe || {{tp|Pelun}}
| 26 || Fe || {{tp|Pelun}} (from Latin {{lang|la|ferrum}})
|-
|-
| 27 || Co || {{tp|Kopa}}
| 27 || Co || {{tp|Kopa}}
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| 28 || Ni || {{tp|Nike}}
| 28 || Ni || {{tp|Nike}}
|-
|-
| 29 || Cu || {{tp|Kupun}}
| 29 || Cu || {{tp|Kupun}} (from Latin {{lang|la|cuprum}})
|-
|-
| 30 || Zn || {{tp|Sinku}}
| 30 || Zn || {{tp|Sinku}}<ref>Since {{tp|sin}} is already a content word, the name for zinc is modified.</ref>
|-
|-
| 31 || Ga || {{tp|Kalun}}
| 31 || Ga || {{tp|Kalun}}<ref>Since {{tp|Kalijun}} is already taken for potassium, the name for gallium is modified.</ref>
|-
|-
| 32 || Ge || {{tp|Kemanijun}}
| 32 || Ge || {{tp|Kemanijun}}
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| 46 || Pd || {{tp|Palasijun}}
| 46 || Pd || {{tp|Palasijun}}
|-
|-
| 47 || Ag || {{tp|Akentun}}
| 47 || Ag || {{tp|Akentun}} (from Latin {{lang|la|argentum}})
|-
|-
| 48 || Cd || {{tp|Kamijun}}
| 48 || Cd || {{tp|Kamijun}}
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| 49 || In || {{tp|Insijun}}
| 49 || In || {{tp|Insijun}}
|-
|-
| 50 || Sn || {{tp|Tanun}}
| 50 || Sn || {{tp|Tanun}} (from Latin {{lang|la|stannum}})
|-
|-
| 51 || Sb || {{tp|Sipijun}}
| 51 || Sb || {{tp|Sipijun}} (from Latin {{lang|la|stibium}})
|-
|-
| 52 || Te || {{tp|Telulijun}}
| 52 || Te || {{tp|Telulijun}}
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| 73 || Ta || {{tp|Tantalun}}
| 73 || Ta || {{tp|Tantalun}}
|-
|-
| 74 || W || {{tp|Opan}}
| 74 || W || {{tp|Opan}} (from German {{lang|de|wolfram}})
|-
|-
| 75 || Re || {{tp|Lenijun}}
| 75 || Re || {{tp|Lenijun}}
|-
|-
| 76 || Os || {{tp|Osijun}}
| 76 || Os || {{tp|Osijun}}<ref>Since {{tp|Omijun}} is already taken for holmium, the name for osmium is modified.</ref>
|-
|-
| 77 || Ir || {{tp|Ilisijun}}
| 77 || Ir || {{tp|Ilisijun}}
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| 78 || Pt || {{tp|Pasinun}}
| 78 || Pt || {{tp|Pasinun}}
|-
|-
| 79 || Au || {{tp|Alun}}
| 79 || Au || {{tp|Alun}} (from Latin {{lang|la|aurum}})
|-
|-
| 80 || Hg || {{tp|Mekuli/Itakilun‡}}
| 80 || Hg || {{tp|Mekuli/Itakilun}} ({{tp|Mekuli}} is from English "mercury"; {{tp|Itakilun}} is from Latin {{lang|la|hydragyrum}})
|-
|-
| 81 || Tl || {{tp|Talijun}}
| 81 || Tl || {{tp|Talijun}}
|-
|-
| 82 || Pb || {{tp|Punpun}}
| 82 || Pb || {{tp|Punpun}} (from Latin {{lang|la|plumbum}})
|-
|-
| 83 || Bi || {{tp|Pimu}}
| 83 || Bi || {{tp|Pimu}}
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| 94 || Pu || {{tp|Putonijun}}
| 94 || Pu || {{tp|Putonijun}}
|-
|-
| 95 || Am || {{tp|Amewisijun}}
| 95 || Am || {{tp|Amelikijun}}
|-
|-
| 96 || Cm || {{tp|Kuwijun}}
| 96 || Cm || {{tp|Kulijun}}
|-
|-
| 97 || Bk || {{tp|Pekelijun}}
| 97 || Bk || {{tp|Pekelijun}}
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| 98 || Cf || {{tp|Kaliponijun}}
| 98 || Cf || {{tp|Kaliponijun}}
|-
|-
| 99 || Es || {{tp|Ansanijun}}
| 99 || Es || {{tp|Ensenijun}}
|-
|-
| 100 || Fm || {{tp|Pemijun}}
| 100 || Fm || {{tp|Pemijun}}
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| 102 || No || {{tp|Nopelijun}}
| 102 || No || {{tp|Nopelijun}}
|-
|-
| 103 || Lr || {{tp|Lowensijun}}
| 103 || Lr || {{tp|Lalenkijun}}
|-
|-
| 104 || Rf || {{tp|Lotoposijun}}
| 104 || Rf || {{tp|Luteposijun}}
|-
|-
| 105 || Db || {{tp|Tonpijun}}
| 105 || Db || {{tp|Tunpijun}}
|-
|-
| 106 || Sg || {{tp|Sipokijun}}
| 106 || Sg || {{tp|Sepokijun}}
|-
|-
| 107 || Bh || {{tp|Powijun}}
| 107 || Bh || {{tp|Polijun}}
|-
|-
| 108 || Hs || {{tp|Asijun}}
| 108 || Hs || {{tp|Asijun}}
|-
|-
| 109 || Mt || {{tp|Manewijun}}
| 109 || Mt || {{tp|Menelijun}}
|-
|-
| 110 || Ds || {{tp|Tansasijun}}
| 110 || Ds || {{tp|Tantasijun}}
|-
|-
| 111 || Rg || {{tp|Lonkenijun}}
| 111 || Rg || {{tp|Lonkenijun}}
|-
|-
| 112 || Cn || {{tp|Koponisijun}}
| 112 || Cn || {{tp|Kopenikijun}}
|-
|-
| 113 || Nh || {{tp|Nijonijun}}
| 113 || Nh || {{tp|Nijonijun}}
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| 115 || Mc || {{tp|Mokowijun}}
| 115 || Mc || {{tp|Mokowijun}}
|-
|-
| 116 || Lv || {{tp|Lipomowijun}}
| 116 || Lv || {{tp|Liwemowijun}}
|-
|-
| 117 || Ts || {{tp|Tenesin}}
| 117 || Ts || {{tp|Tenesin}}
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When referring to these elements, {{tp|ijo nasin [name]}} or {{tp|ijo [name]}} can be used. This document will use {{tp|ijo [name]}} throughout.
When referring to these elements, {{tp|ijo nasin [name]}} or {{tp|ijo [name]}} can be used. This document will use {{tp|ijo [name]}} throughout.

Approaches that do not use proper names exist, such as [https://www.reddit.com/r/tokipona/comments/riz957/nimi_pi_wan_ijo_periodic_table_in_toki_pona this Reddit post] by jan Melon.

=== Periodic table ===


=== Numerals ===
=== Numerals ===
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The reader is reminded that any number system is acceptable as long as it can be understood.
The reader is reminded that any number system is acceptable as long as it can be understood.

=== Tokiponization ===

: ''See the section [[Names#Tokiponization]] for more information.''

Tokiponization is the act of transcribing a foreign word into Toki Pona's phonology and phonotactics. All words created this way act as adjectives and must describe another word, usually a noun. For specific rules about Tokiponization, see [[#Rules for transcription into Toki Pona|Rules for transcription into Toki Pona]].

When Tokiponizing chemical terminology, make sure it can be expressed as other words (Tokiponized or not), so although <span style="color: gray;">{{tp|ijo Itokapon}}</span> and <span style="color: green;">{{tp|ijo Itoken Kapon}}</span> are both acceptable names for hydrocarbon, <span style="color: green;">{{tp|ijo Itoken Kapon}}</span> is prioritized.

If, however, a term must be Tokiponized and it cannot be expressed with other Tokiponized terms, Latin (or New Latin) takes precedence over any other language, so alkane, alkene and alkyne use <span style="color: green;">{{tp|Akan}}</span>, <span style="color: green;">{{tp|Aken}}</span> and <span style="color: green;">{{tp|Akin}}</span> respectively, and not <span style="color: red;">{{tp|Aken}}</span>, <span style="color: red;">{{tp|Akin}}</span> and <span style="color: red;">{{tp|Akan}}</span> as in English.

According to Tokiponization rules, related proper nouns become the same adjective in Toki Pona. Therefore, as sulphur is {{tp|ijo Supu}}, sulphuric acid is <span style="color: green;">{{tp|[[#apo|apo]] Supu}}</span> instead of <span style="color: red;">{{tp|[[#apo|apo]] supuli}}</span>.

The special rules for Tokiponizing words through Latin (or New Latin) are as follows:
* ''b'', ''f'' and ''ph'' become {{tp|p}}.
* ''d'' and ''th'' become {{tp|t}}.
* ''g'' and ''c'' become {{tp|k}}.
* ''y'' becomes {{tp|j}}.
* ''r'' becomes {{tp|l}}, from the trilled [r].
* ''x'', ''z'' and ''sh'' become {{tp|s}}.
* ''h'' becomes {{tp|w}} or {{tp|j}} depending on the next vowel. If the next vowel is ''a'' or ''e'', ''h'' becomes {{tp|w}}. Any ''h'' at the start of a word is omitted.

==== Vowel clusters ====

The table below shows which syllable(s) should be used when merging a vowel cluster between two roots.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: auto; width: 50%;"
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="5" rowspan="1" | First vowel
|-
| a || e || i || o || u
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="5" | Second<br>vowel
| a || {{tp|a}}/{{tp|aja}} || {{tp|aje}} || {{tp|awi}} || {{tp|ajo}} || {{tp|aju}}
|-
| e || {{tp|eja}} || {{tp|e}}/{{tp|eje}} || {{tp|ewi}} || {{tp|ejo}} || {{tp|eju}}
|-
| i || {{tp|ija}} || {{tp|ije}} || {{tp|i}}/{{tp|iwi}} || {{tp|ijo}} || {{tp|iju}}
|-
| o || {{tp|owa}} || {{tp|owe}} || {{tp|owi}} || {{tp|o}}/{{tp|ojo}} || {{tp|oju}}
|-
| u || {{tp|uwa}} || {{tp|uwe}} || {{tp|uwi}} || {{tp|ujo}} || {{tp|u}}/{{tp|uju}}
|}

For two identical consecutive vowels, the shorter combination is to be used unless doing so would compromise interpretability.


== Inorganic chemistry ==
== Inorganic chemistry ==
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== Appendices ==
== Appendices ==

== Notes ==
<references />

Revision as of 13:42, 14 May 2024

Preface

This is an attempt to establish a system of inorganic and organic chemical nomenclature in Toki Pona. It is written to test how good Toki Pona is at naming scientific (specifically chemical) concepts using as few neologisms as possible.

To aid reading, Toki Pona text or text meant to be written in Toki Pona will be marked in a template, such as toki pona li lon lipu ni. The reader may set a custom CSS syntax for the language code if italics text is insufficient.

Standard examples are shown in green, while nonstandard examples are shown in red and acceptable but not favored examples are shown in gray. All occurences of nimisins (Toki Pona neologisms, see nimisins) used in this document are shown in blue and are linked to their definitions in nimisins.

The names of all chemical elements and compounds will follow the IUPAC standard unless otherwise stated. The reader is reminded that this nomenclature set out in this page is not the only option, and that lexicalization is discouraged. However, should any consistency errors appear in this document, please inform me.

Basic nomenclature

Elements

An element (ijo nasin pi wan Atomo) is a substance in which all of its atoms have the same number of protons.

The Toki Pona names of all 118 known elements are shown in the table below (Z = atomic number).

Z Symbol Toki Pona name
1 H Itoken
2 He Elijun
3 Li Lisijun
4 Be Pelilijun
5 B Polon
6 C Kapon
7 N Nitoken
8 O Osiken
9 F Polin
10 Ne Nejon
11 Na Nasijun (from Latin natrium)
12 Mg Manesijun
13 Al Aluminijun
14 Si Silikon
15 P Popolu
16 S Supu
17 Cl Kolin
18 Ar Akon
19 K Kalijun (from Latin kalium)
20 Ca Kakijun
21 Sc Kansijun
22 Ti Sitanijun
23 V Wanasijun
24 Cr Komijun
25 Mn Mankane
26 Fe Pelun (from Latin ferrum)
27 Co Kopa
28 Ni Nike
29 Cu Kupun (from Latin cuprum)
30 Zn Sinku[1]
31 Ga Kalun[2]
32 Ge Kemanijun
33 As Aseni
34 Se Selenijun
35 Br Pomin
36 Kr Kiton
37 Rb Lupisijun
38 Sr Tonsijun
39 Y Isijun
40 Zr Sikonijun
41 Nb Nijopijun
42 Mo Molitenun
43 Tc Tenesijun
44 Ru Lutenijun
45 Rh Losijun
46 Pd Palasijun
47 Ag Akentun (from Latin argentum)
48 Cd Kamijun
49 In Insijun
50 Sn Tanun (from Latin stannum)
51 Sb Sipijun (from Latin stibium)
52 Te Telulijun
53 I Ijosin
54 Xe Senon
55 Cs Kesijun
56 Ba Palijun
57 La Lantanun
58 Ce Kelijun
59 Pr Pasejosimijun
60 Nd Nejosimijun
61 Pm Pomesijun
62 Sm Samalijun
63 Eu Elopijun
64 Gd Katolinijun
65 Tb Tepijun
66 Dy Siposijun
67 Ho Omijun
68 Er Epijun
69 Tm Tulijun
70 Yb Itepijun
71 Lu Lutesijun
72 Hf Anijun
73 Ta Tantalun
74 W Opan (from German wolfram)
75 Re Lenijun
76 Os Osijun[3]
77 Ir Ilisijun
78 Pt Pasinun
79 Au Alun (from Latin aurum)
80 Hg Mekuli/Itakilun (Mekuli is from English "mercury"; Itakilun is from Latin hydragyrum)
81 Tl Talijun
82 Pb Punpun (from Latin plumbum)
83 Bi Pimu
84 Po Polonijun
85 At Atasin
86 Rn Laton
87 Fr Pankijun
88 Ra Lasijun
89 Ac Asinijun
90 Th Tolijun
91 Pa Potasinijun
92 U Ulanijun
93 Np Netunijun
94 Pu Putonijun
95 Am Amelikijun
96 Cm Kulijun
97 Bk Pekelijun
98 Cf Kaliponijun
99 Es Ensenijun
100 Fm Pemijun
101 Md Mentelewijun
102 No Nopelijun
103 Lr Lalenkijun
104 Rf Luteposijun
105 Db Tunpijun
106 Sg Sepokijun
107 Bh Polijun
108 Hs Asijun
109 Mt Menelijun
110 Ds Tantasijun
111 Rg Lonkenijun
112 Cn Kopenikijun
113 Nh Nijonijun
114 Fl Pelowijun
115 Mc Mokowijun
116 Lv Liwemowijun
117 Ts Tenesin
118 Og Okaneson

When referring to these elements, ijo nasin [name] or ijo [name] can be used. This document will use ijo [name] throughout.

Approaches that do not use proper names exist, such as this Reddit post by jan Melon.

Periodic table

Numerals

See the article Number systems for more information.

There are four official numerals in pu, ala (no; zero), wan (one), tu (two) and mute (at least three). A more systematic number system is used by a big part of the Toki Pona community, in which luka is redefined as five, mute as twenty, and ale/ali as one hundred. Numerals are strung together and ordered from largest to smallest. For example, seven is luka tu, and thirty six is mute luka luka luka wan.

However, two more numerals are featured in ku, san and po, as nimi ku pi suli ala. They mean three and four, and replace tu wan and tu tu, respectively. This document will use the numerals ala, wan, tu, san, po, luka, mute and ale throughout.

The reader is reminded that any number system is acceptable as long as it can be understood.

Tokiponization

See the section Names for more information.

Tokiponization is the act of transcribing a foreign word into Toki Pona's phonology and phonotactics. All words created this way act as adjectives and must describe another word, usually a noun. For specific rules about Tokiponization, see Rules for transcription into Toki Pona.

When Tokiponizing chemical terminology, make sure it can be expressed as other words (Tokiponized or not), so although ijo Itokapon and ijo Itoken Kapon are both acceptable names for hydrocarbon, ijo Itoken Kapon is prioritized.

If, however, a term must be Tokiponized and it cannot be expressed with other Tokiponized terms, Latin (or New Latin) takes precedence over any other language, so alkane, alkene and alkyne use Akan, Aken and Akin respectively, and not Aken, Akin and Akan as in English.

According to Tokiponization rules, related proper nouns become the same adjective in Toki Pona. Therefore, as sulphur is ijo Supu, sulphuric acid is apo Supu instead of apo supuli.

The special rules for Tokiponizing words through Latin (or New Latin) are as follows:

  • b, f and ph become p.
  • d and th become t.
  • g and c become k.
  • y becomes j.
  • r becomes l, from the trilled [r].
  • x, z and sh become s.
  • h becomes w or j depending on the next vowel. If the next vowel is a or e, h becomes w. Any h at the start of a word is omitted.

Vowel clusters

The table below shows which syllable(s) should be used when merging a vowel cluster between two roots.

First vowel
a e i o u
Second
vowel 		a a/aja aje awi ajo aju
e eja e/eje ewi ejo eju
i ija ije i/iwi ijo iju
o owa owe owi o/ojo oju
u uwa uwe uwi ujo u/uju

For two identical consecutive vowels, the shorter combination is to be used unless doing so would compromise interpretability.

Inorganic chemistry

Organic chemistry

Appendices

Notes

  1. ↑ Since sin is already a content word, the name for zinc is modified.
  2. ↑ Since Kalijun is already taken for potassium, the name for gallium is modified.
  3. ↑ Since Omijun is already taken for holmium, the name for osmium is modified.
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