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luka pona: Difference between revisions
→Grammar: sona ale la mi pana e ni: ona li tan seme. mi pona e pakala wan.
(mi wile suli e lipu pi jan ante, lipu ni li mama ala e sona) |
(→Grammar: sona ale la mi pana e ni: ona li tan seme. mi pona e pakala wan.) |
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==Grammar==
Like in [[Toki Pona]], modifiers go after their heads. The sign for {{tp|[[pi]]}} can be replaced with a brief pause without signing<ref>https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-wan-nimi_9.html</ref>, and the sign for {{tp|[[la]]}} can be replaced with a longer pause without signing.<ref>https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-tu-la-ni.html</ref>
{{tp|luka pona}} has a subject–object–verb word order and does not use {{tp|[[li]]}} or {{tp|[[e]]}}. Instead, a simple sentence is ''subject'' NI-1 ''object'' NI-2 ''verb''. The NI signs point toward different sides, including for multiple subjects and objects.<ref>https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-tu-wan_9.html</ref>
A second subject can be clarified with the sign [[en|EN]]/[[kin|KIN]]/KAN, following the NI for the first subject. Multiple verbs are separated by a brief pause.<ref>https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka_47.html</ref>
Toki Pona [[preposition]]s and [[preverb]]s are postpositions and postverbs in {{tp|luka pona}}.<ref>https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-tu-tu.html</ref>▼
The sign for {{tp|[[o]]}} is also postpositive. When used for commands, it can be replaced by signing intensely. When used to address someone, {{tp|o}} can be replaced by wiggling the hand intensely before or after the name; or with the sign for {{tp|[[lukin]]}}, pointing at the speaker, after the name.<ref>https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-o.html</ref>▼
▲Toki Pona [[preposition]]s and [[preverb]]s are postpositions and postverbs in {{tp|luka pona}}.
{{tp|luka pona}} does not use the intensifier {{tp|[[a]]}}. Instead, the speaker uses two hands.<ref name=":0">https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-wan.html</ref>▼
▲The sign for {{tp|[[o]]}} is also postpositive. When used for commands, it can be replaced by signing intensely. When used to address someone, {{tp|o}} can be replaced by wiggling the hand intensely before or after the name; or with the sign for {{tp|[[lukin]]}}, pointing at the speaker, after the name.
The sign for {{tp|[[
▲{{tp|luka pona}} does not use the intensifier {{tp|[[a]]}}. Instead, the speaker uses two hands.
The sign for {{tp|[[
In [[question]]s, the sign for {{tp|[[seme]]}} always ends the sentence.
▲The sign for {{tp|[[ala]]}} can be replaced by shaking the head and frowning.
[[Time]] phrases are expressed with TENPO NI, with NI pointing in different directions. Pointing back represents {{tp|tenpo pini}}, pointing at one's feet represents {{tp|tenpo ni}}, and pointing forward represents {{tp|tenpo kama}}.<ref>https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka.html</ref>▼
▲In [[question]]s, the sign for {{tp|[[seme]]}} always ends the sentence. It can be replaced by a confused expression or by tilting the head to the side. SEME is also used to link sentences instead of {{tp|ni:}}.
[[Names]] are spelled with letter signs.<ref>https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka_9.html</ref>
▲[[Time]] phrases are expressed with TENPO NI, with NI pointing in different directions. Pointing back represents {{tp|tenpo pini}}, pointing at one's feet represents {{tp|tenpo ni}}, and pointing forward represents {{tp|tenpo kama}}.
[[Numbers]] can be expressed with the signs for Toki Pona number words, or by extending the corresponding number of fingers, optionally with the sign for {{tp|[[nanpa]]}} before. Another way of enumerating things is to touch the <var>n</var>th finger on the other hand.<ref>https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka_8.html</ref>▼
Signs such as LUKIN, UTALA, KAMA/TAWA, and PANA/LANPAN point from the direction that the corresponding action comes from. For example, in MI SINA LUKIN, the sign LUKIN points toward the referent of SINA, but in SINA MI LUKIN, it points toward the speaker. In ONA-1 ONA-2 LUKIN, it points toward the side of ONA-2.<ref>https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka_95.html</ref>▼
▲[[Numbers]] can be expressed with the signs for Toki Pona number words, or by extending the corresponding number of fingers, optionally with the sign for {{tp|[[nanpa]]}} before. Another way of enumerating things is to touch the <var>n</var>th finger on the other hand.
▲Signs such as LUKIN, UTALA, KAMA/TAWA, and PANA/LANPAN point from the direction that the corresponding action comes from. For example, in MI SINA LUKIN, the sign LUKIN points toward the referent of SINA, but in SINA MI LUKIN, it points toward the speaker. In ONA-1 ONA-2 LUKIN, it points toward the side of ONA-2.
==Word list==
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