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Rewrite pi is not possessive. Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Visual edit |
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'''{{tp|pi}}''' is a [[particle]] used for |
'''{{tp|pi}}''' is a [[particle]] used for regrouping or rebracketing [[modifier]]s. The resulting phrase that follows it is called a '''{{tp|pi}} phrase'''. |
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==Function== |
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== How it works == |
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{{Example|jan pona|good person}} |
{{Example|jan pona|good person}} |
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{{Example|jan pona mute|many good people}} |
{{Example|jan pona mute|many good people}} |
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<references group="lower-alpha" /> |
<references group="lower-alpha" /> |
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== |
==Multiple {{tp|pi}}== |
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While not defined in {{tp|[[pu]]}}, some speakers do use multiple {{tp|pi}} in a single phrase. However, this carries a risk of ambiguity as to whether the second {{tp|pi}} is contained within the first or not: |
While not defined in {{tp|[[pu]]}}, some speakers do use multiple {{tp|pi}} in a single phrase. However, this carries a risk of ambiguity as to whether the second {{tp|pi}} is contained within the first or not: |
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{{Example|lipu pi sona mute pi toki Inli|English much-knowledge book (is the book in English or is the knowledge about English?)|lipu pi sona mute pi toki [ijo ni li ike]}} |
{{Example|lipu pi sona mute pi toki Inli|English much-knowledge book (is the book in English or is the knowledge about English?)|lipu pi sona mute pi toki [ijo ni li ike]}} |
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:{{tp|1=<span style="background:#7f7f7f1f;border:1px solid currentColor;display:inline-block;margin:0.5em;padding:0.5em;">lipu <span style="background:#7f7f7f1f;border:1px solid currentColor;display:inline-block;margin:0.5em;padding:0.5em;">pi sona <span style="background:#7f7f7f1f;display:inline-block;">mute</span> <span style="background:#7f7f7f1f;border:1px solid currentColor;display:inline-block;margin:0.5em;padding:0.5em;">pi toki <span style="background:#7f7f7f1f;display:inline-block;">Inli</span></span></span></span>}} |
:{{tp|1=<span style="background:#7f7f7f1f;border:1px solid currentColor;display:inline-block;margin:0.5em;padding:0.5em;">lipu <span style="background:#7f7f7f1f;border:1px solid currentColor;display:inline-block;margin:0.5em;padding:0.5em;">pi sona <span style="background:#7f7f7f1f;display:inline-block;">mute</span> <span style="background:#7f7f7f1f;border:1px solid currentColor;display:inline-block;margin:0.5em;padding:0.5em;">pi toki <span style="background:#7f7f7f1f;display:inline-block;">Inli</span></span></span></span>}} |
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{{tok|jan Lope}} argues that, like {{tp|[[li]]}} and {{tp|[[e]]}}, both {{tp|pi}} phrases apply equally to the first noun in the phrase, rather than nesting.<ref> |
{{tok|jan Lope}} argues that, like {{tp|[[li]]}} and {{tp|[[e]]}}, both {{tp|pi}} phrases apply equally to the first noun in the phrase, rather than nesting.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/jan-Lope/Toki_Pona_lessons_English/blob/master/pi.tex|title=pi.tex|website=GitHub|name={{tok|jan Tepo}}|username={{tok|jan-Lope}}|access-date=8 November 2023}}</ref> As an example, he gives: |
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{{Example|kulupu pi kalama musi pi ma Inli li pona.|The English rock band is good.|kulupu pi kalama musi pi ma [ijo ni li ike] li pona}} |
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{{Example |
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|kulupu pi kalama musi pi ma Inli li pona. |
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|The English rock band is good. |
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|kulupu pi kalama musi pi ma [ijo ni li ike] li pona |
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}} |
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The ambiguity is whether it's an English band that plays some sort of music, or a band from somewhere that plays English music. There is no consensus on this matter, and in practice both interpretations are possible. In fact, many speakers <em>want</em> it to be ambiguous so that clearer phrasing is used instead. |
The ambiguity is whether it's an English band that plays some sort of music, or a band from somewhere that plays English music. There is no consensus on this matter, and in practice both interpretations are possible. In fact, many speakers <em>want</em> it to be ambiguous so that clearer phrasing is used instead. |
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{{Example|soweli pi kute suli li lawa e kiwen ni.|A big-eared animal rules over this rock.|soweli pi(kute suli) li lawa e kiwen ni}} |
{{Example|soweli pi kute suli li lawa e kiwen ni.|A big-eared animal rules over this rock.|soweli pi(kute suli) li lawa e kiwen ni}} |
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==Misconceptions== |
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Some dictionaries, [[Toki Pona Dictionary (pu)|most notably the one in {{tp|pu}}]], define {{tp|pi}} as the English word "of". This is misleading, as most senses of "of" don't translate into {{tp|pi}}: |
Some dictionaries, [[Toki Pona Dictionary (pu)|most notably the one in {{tp|pu}}]], define {{tp|pi}} as the English word "of". This is misleading, as most senses of "of" don't translate into {{tp|pi}}: |
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{{Example|toki <del>pi</del> pona|the language <ins>of</ins> good}} |
{{Example|toki <del>pi</del> pona|the language <ins>of</ins> good}} |
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{{Example|kala utala suli|fish <ins>of</ins> fighting <ins>of</ins> bigness}} |
{{Example|kala utala suli|fish <ins>of</ins> fighting <ins>of</ins> bigness}} |
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===Possession=== |
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{{tp|pi}} is not a possessive particle. It does not necessarily indicate ownership or translate the English "'s" ending. Any adjective can be interpreted as indicating possession regardless of the presence or absence of {{tp|pi}}. {{tp|pi}} serves the same purpose in a possessive context as it does in any other: to separate a group of modifiers from those preceding them. |
{{tp|pi}} is not a possessive particle. It does not necessarily indicate ownership or translate the English "'s" ending. Any adjective can be interpreted as indicating possession regardless of the presence or absence of {{tp|pi}}. {{tp|pi}} serves the same purpose in a possessive context as it does in any other: to separate a group of modifiers from those preceding them. |
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Possession is one of many possible interpretations of {{tp|pi}}: what comes after {{tp|pi}} simply modifies, describes, qualifies, or alters what comes before it. |
Possession is one of many possible interpretations of {{tp|pi}}: what comes after {{tp|pi}} simply modifies, describes, qualifies, or alters what comes before it. |
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==Controversy== |
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{{tp|pi}} is controversial. To many speakers, it feels too engineered for Toki Pona's natural design, it creates more complexity and misconceptions than it is worth, and it encourages learners to [[Lexicalization|find "the phrase" for any given word]].{{Citation needed|Is there an example of someone specifically asserting this position?}} Avoiding {{tp|pi}} is a common {{tp|nasin}} called [[pin't]]. |
{{tp|pi}} is controversial. To many speakers, it feels too engineered for Toki Pona's natural design, it creates more complexity and misconceptions than it is worth, and it encourages learners to [[Lexicalization|find "the phrase" for any given word]].{{Citation needed|Is there an example of someone specifically asserting this position?}} Avoiding {{tp|pi}} is a common {{tp|nasin}} called [[pin't]]. |
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==External links== |
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* {{tp|[[pu]]}} Lesson 11 |
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===Resources=== |
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* {{lipu pu|en}}: Lesson 11 |
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* {{tok|soweli Tesa}}: [//sowelitesa.kittycat.homes/lipu-sona/6 Lesson 6] |
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==References== |
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<references |
<references/> |
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{{Words}} |
{{Words}} |