7,937
edits
Combined glyphs: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| (13 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Graphical combinations of glyphs in sitelen pona}}
[[File:Toki Pona sitelen pona examples.png|thumb|Examples of combined glyphs in {{tp|pu}}: {{sp|pilin*ike|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}} {{tp|pilin ike}} (scalar), {{sp|telo*lete|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}} {{tp|telo lete}} (scalar), {{sp|kala^lili|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}} {{tp|kala lili}} (stacked), {{sp|toki*pona|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}} {{tp|toki pona}} (scalar)]]▼
{{SP sidebar}}
{{nasin pu}}
▲[[File:Toki Pona sitelen pona examples.png|thumb|Examples of combined glyphs in {{tp|pu}}: {{sp|pilin*ike|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}} {{tp|pilin ike}} (scalar), {{sp|telo*lete|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}} {{tp|telo lete}} (scalar), {{sp|kala^lili|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}} {{tp|kala lili}} (stacked), {{sp|toki*pona|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}} {{tp|toki pona}} (scalar)
]]
In {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}}, the glyph of a [[head]] word may be combined with the glyph of one [[modifier]]. These are called '''combined glyphs''' in {{pu|lipu}}.<ref>{{cite pu|110}}</ref> They are also referred to as '''compound glyphs'''.
There are 2 main ways to combine glyphs:
*'''Stacked:''' The modifier glyph goes above the head glyph. {{tp|kala lili}} becomes {{sp|kala^lili|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}}. A few theoretical stacked glyphs conflict with single-word glyphs composed of 2 [[radical]]s.
*'''Scaled:''' The modifier glyph goes inside of the head glyph. {{tp|kala lili}} becomes {{sp|kala*lili|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}}. To allow for scalar combination, the head glyph generally must contain a single, sufficiently large, main {{w|negative space}}.
Line 9 ⟶ 13:
Many speakers limit combined glyphs to a head and the first modifier, as described in {{tp|pu}}. This has been used for disambiguation, such as the sentence {{tp|mi pana e tomo tawa sina}}: {{sp|mi pana e<mark>tomo-tawa</mark>sina}} clarifies that {{tp|<mark>tomo tawa</mark> sina}} is a noun [[phrase]] where {{tp|tawa}} is a modifier ("I give your moving room"), instead of {{tp|tawa sina}} being a [[preposition]]al phrase ("I give a room to you").<ref>{{cite web|url=//musilili.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/LinjaPona_Presentation-03-03.jpg|title=LinjaPona Presentation-03-03.jpg|author=|username=|date=|website={{tp|musi lili}}|publisher=|access-date=|quote=}}</ref>
Some speakers have experimented with extending combined glyphs to other situations, such as:
*[[Preverb]]s and their main verbs. For example, {{tp|mi sona toki}} would be written {{sp|mi sona-toki}}.
*[[Number]]s. The standard counting systems treat multi-word number phrases as a list of addends, not as heads and modifiers. Between this and the glyph designs, number words are sometimes combined by [[#Juxtaposition|juxtaposition]].
==Nonstandard combinations==
{{
===Merging===
There is an occasional variant of scalar combination that merges the boundary of the modifier glyph into the head glyph. This is only legible with certain combinations of glyphs, and is largely used in logos or to distinguish non-proper names.
<gallery widths="180">
Logo of lipu tenpo.png|The logo of {{tp|[[lipu tenpo]]}} is a stylized combined glyph ({{sp|lipu
</gallery>
==={{tp|kulupu}}===
The glyph for {{tp|[[kulupu]]}} ({{sp|kulupu}}) allows for a special combination, in which the modifier glyph replaces each of the 3 circle [[radical]]s. This plays on the fact that {{tp|kulupu}} alone is interchangeable with the nonspecific phrase {{tp|kulupu [[ijo]]}}, and the glyph for {{tp|ijo}} is a single circle ({{sp|ijo}}).
===Surrounding===
The glyph for {{tp|[[sin]]}} ({{sp|sin}}) has a peculiarity where, when used as a modifier, the rays can be placed around the head glyph. This chiefly occurs in a common combined glyph for the [[phrase]] {{tp|[[nimi sin]]}} ({{sp|nimi-sin}}), and may be an alteration of a stacked form ({{sp|nimi^sin}}). Oddly, if interpreted as a scaled glyph, the word order would be reversed ({{tp|sin nimi}}; contrast writing {{tp|nimi sin}} as {{sp|nimi*sin}}).
===Juxtaposition===
[[Number words]] are sometimes combined by simply placing them side by side within the space of a single glyph. For the glyphs based on tally marks, this is the most accepted way to combine them.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-style="font-size:smaller;"
!colspan="2"|Addends
!colspan="3"|Combined glyphs
|-
|{{sp|tu}}
|{{sp|wan}}
|colspan="2" rowspan="2" {{N/A}}
|{{sp|tu-wan}}
|-
|{{sp|tu}}
|{{sp|tu}}
|{{sp|tu-tu}}
|-
|{{sp|luka}}
|{{sp|luka}}
|{{sp|luka^luka}}
|{{sp|luka*luka}}
|{{sp|luka-luka}}
|}
Juxtaposition has been proposed for other sequences of words involving narrow glyphs, including common sayings that extend beyond a noun [[phrase]]. An example is {{sp|mi sona-ala}}, where traditionally and due to influence from {{tp|[[linja pona]]}}, the second glyph would have been scaled inside the loop of the glyph {{sp|mi}}.
===Recursion===
Line 28 ⟶ 63:
===Diacritics===
Another experimental feature is treating the letterlike part of {{tp|a}} ({{sp|a}}), {{tp|kin}} ({{sp|kin}}), and {{tp|o}} ({{sp|o}}) as a diacritic. When placed below another glyph, that glyph replaces the vertical stroke. This feature was available in {{tp|[[linja sike]]}} but has been deprecated.
{{End section}}
==
In the [[UCSUR]], the following codepoints are assigned to combined glyph {{w|control
*{{UCSUR char|F1995|codepoint=yes|name=yes}}
*{{UCSUR char|F1996|codepoint=yes|name=yes}}
For an unspecified or special combined glyph, the {{w|zero-width joiner}} (U+200D, <code>&zwj;</code>) is recommended. The aforementioned characters can be used when more control over the specific combination is desired.<ref>{{cite web|url=//kreativekorp.com/ucsur/charts/sitelen.html|title={{tok|Sitelen Pona}}: U+F1900 - U+F19FF|author={{tok|[[jan Lepeka]]}}, {{tok|jan Tepo}}|username=|date=|website=Kreative Korp|publisher=|access-date=8 November 2023|quote=}}</ref>
==References==
{{Source|Toki Pona: The Language of Good/Hieroglyphs#Combined Glyphs|''Toki Pona: The Language of Good'' {{sect}} Combined Glyphs}}
<references />
{{SP nav}}
| |||