Glossary: Difference between revisions

:A word that [[#modifier|modifies]] or describes a [[#noun|noun]]. "Big" and "tall" are examples of adjectives.

:A word that [[#modifier|modifies]] or describes a [[#verb|verb]]. In English, they often end in "-ly". "Quickly" and "slowly" are examples of adverbs.

:InThe main type of word in [[tokiToki ponaPona]], anywhich can be used as a [[#Nounnoun|noun]], [[#Verbverb|verb]], or [[#Modifiermodifier|modifier]] can(although beits usedprimary indefinition's anypart of thosespeech roles.can Collectivelyaffect theseits wordsmeaning arein referredother toparts asof "content words" and are distinguished from [[#Particle|particles]]speech). ''pona'', ''suwi'', and ''moku'' are examples of content words in toki pona. Contrast [[#particle|particle]].

:A grammatical mood that expresses a command or instruction. "Do as I say, not as I do" is an imperative sentence, as is "go!". [[Toki Pona]] marks the imperative with ''[[o]]''. Contrast [[#indicative|indicative]], [[#optative|optative]].

:A grammatical mood that describes a real or actual thing. "The sentence "the cat is cute" is an example of an indicative sentence. Contrast [[#imperative|imperative]], [[#optative|optative]].

:A [[#verb|verb]] that cannot take a direct [[#object|object]]. "Smile" is an intransitive verb: "the baby smiles." Contrast [[#transitive verb|transitive verb]].

:In [[tokiToki ponaPona]] grammar, an [[#Adverbadjective|adverbsadjective]] andor [[#Adjectiveadverb|adjectivesadverb]]. areUnlike English, Toki Pona never distinguished,distinguishes unlikethese English.parts Anyof tokispeech; ponaany word that can modify a [[#Nounnoun|noun]] can also modify a [[#Verbverb|verb]], and vice versa. For this reason, the two are often lumped together as "modifiers" when discussing toki pona grammar.

:A word that names a person, place, or thing. "Fish", and "tree", andare common nouns; "Oklahoma" areis nounsa [[#proper noun|proper noun]].

:The thing or things(s) to which the action of the sentence is done. In the sentence "you pet the dog," "the word "dog" is the direct object.

:A grammatical mood that expresses a wish, hope, or desire. "The sentence "the children should do their homework" is an example of an optative sentence. Contrast [[#indicative|indicative]], [[#optative|optative]].

:A word that haswith no definite[[#semantic (value)|semantic]] meaning butthat is used to showmarks the grammatical structure of a [[#Sentencesentence|sentence]]. ''[[li]]'', ''[[e]]'', and ''[[pi]]'' are examples of [[:Category:Particles|particles]] in toki pona. Contrast [[#content word|content word]].

:The part of thea [[#sentence|sentence]] that isincludes attacheda to[[#verb|verb]] theand subjectsometimes [[#object|objects]]. In the sentence "The human looks at the tree", "looks at the tree" is the predicate. and "the human" is theContrast [[#subject|subject]].

:A word that describes a [[#noun|noun]]'s relationship to the rest of the [[#sentence|sentence]] in time or space. "After" and "beside" are examples of prepositions. Often the preposition and the noun it introduces are referred to as the "prepositional phrase." In the sentence "don't give coffee to infants," "to infants" is a prepositional phrase.

:A [[#noun|noun]] that names a specific or definite thing. Personal names and names of places are usually proper nouns. "Preston", "Europe", and "Mount Everest" are examples of proper nouns.

:The "meaning" of thea word. GenerallySemantics opposedis to syntax, which describes how words are placed next to one another, semantics concerns itselfconcerned with the possible alternative words that could occupy a single position in a sentence. Contrast [[#syntax|syntax]].

:A group of words that contain a [[#subject|subject]] and a [[#predicate|predicate]]. "Dogs chase cats" is a sentence. "Apple pie" is not; it is a sentence fragment.

:The main actor or actors in a sentence. In the sentence "I read the book," the word "I" is the subject. Contrast [[#predicate|predicate]].

:The position of words in a sentence or phrase. Often words are categorized by the kinds of positions they can occupy in a sentence, or what words they can appear next to. Contrast [[#semantic (value)|semantic (value)]].

:A [[#verb|verb]] that takes a direct [[#object|object]]. "Eat" iscan be a transitive verb: in "I eat the cookie", it takes the direct object "the cookie". Contrast [[#intransitive verb|intransitive verb]].

:A form of a [[#noun|noun]] used to call to or address something or someone. In the phrase "hey you!", the word "you" is vocative. [[Toki Pona]] marks the vocative with ''[[o]]''. English does not usually distinguish vocative from non-vocative nouns, butaside otherfrom languagesthe (likearchaic tokiparticle pona)"O" doas in "O Canada".