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Line 1: {{Nonstandard}} '''{{w\|Sandhi}}''' is aany of various types of [[Phonotactics\|sound ~~change~~changes]] that ~~occurs~~occur at a word boundary. While [[Toki Pona]] generally has no such features, speakers have experimented with sandhis for stylistic and artistic effect, and learners may involve them in their pronunciation unconsciously. They ~~are~~tend ~~generally~~to be used to avoid '''{{w\|Vowel hiatus\|hiatus}}''', two adjacent vowels. ==Coda nasal assimilation== The coda nasal {{tp\|-n}} at the end of a [[syllable]] can be pronounced as any nasal consonant, and often {{w\|Assimilation (phonology)\|assimilates}} to the same {{w\|place of articulation}} as the following consonant. It is less common for this to happen between words than within a word, but it may still occur, especially in rapid speech. For example, {{tp\|[[pilin]] [[pona]]}} would become {{IPA\|[ˈpili<mark>m</mark>‿ˈpona]}}. ==Glottal stop== Vowels in hiatus may be split with a {{w\|glottal stop}}, catching all airflow at the very back of the throat. This is the sound at the beginning and hyphen of English "uh-oh" {{IPA\|[ˈ<mark>ʔ</mark>ʌ.<mark>ʔ</mark>ow]}}. A Toki Pona example is a possible pronunciation of {{tp\|[[tawa]] [[a]]}} {{IPA\|[ˈtawa‿<mark>ʔ</mark>a]}}. AHere, a glottal stop separates the adjacent {{IPA\|/a/}} phonemes, which might otherwise only sound like {{tp\|tawa}} with the end extended {{IPA\|[ˈtawaː]}}. {{tok\|jan Mato}} speculated that the glottal stop would develop in all instances of hiatus if Toki Pona were more widely spoken.<ref>{{cite web\|url=//tokipona.net/tp/Sandhi.aspx\|url-status=dead\|title=Sandhi\|author={{tok\|jan Mato}}\|username=\|date=\|website=tokipona.net\|publisher=\|archive-url=//web.archive.org/web/20130120091240/http://tokipona.net/tp/Sandhi.aspx\|archive-date=Jan 20 2013\|access-date=2024-03-12\|quote=I suspect that if this were a spoken language, people would invent a glottal stop for the vowel/vowel sandhi and assimilate {{tok\|nm}}/{{tok\|nn}} into a single {{tok\|m}} or {{tok\|n}} sound.}}</ref> ==Glide== Some speakers insert a {{w\|semivowel}} glide at the end of vowels. In English, this occurs with the "long vowels" ay ee oh oo {{IPA\|/ej ij ow uw/}}<ref>~~Dr Geoff Lindsey [@DrGeoffLindsey].~~{{cite ~~(22 October 2021).[//youtu.be/~~YouTube\|id=gtnlGH055TA \|title=Why these English phonetic symbols are all WRONG].\|author={{w\|Geoff ~~YouTube~~Lindsey\|Lindsey, Geoff}}\|channel=Dr Geoff Lindsey\|handle=DrGeoffLindsey\|date=Oct 22, 2021\|access-date=7 November 2023\|quote=}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">{{IPA\|[j]}} in the [[{{w\|International Phonetic Alphabet]]}} represents {{w\|Voiced palatal approximant\|yod}}, as it does in Toki Pona.</ref> that are closest to Toki Pona {{tp\|e i o u}}. Learners may do this unintentionally, leading to ambiguities between phrases like {{tp\|[[mi]] [[jo]] [[pona]] [[e]] [[ni]]}} ("I'm holding this fine") and {{tp\|mi [[o]] pona e ni}} {{IPA\|[mi<mark>j</mark>‿o ˈpona e ni]}} ("I should fix that"). Practice keeping the vowels "flat" to avoid this. Some proficient speakers add glides intentionally in certain contexts, to split the hiatus in phrases like {{tp\|wile e}} {{IPA\|[ˈwile<mark>j</mark>‿e]}}. There is very little risk of confusion with {{tp\|[[je]]}}, {{a category\|je}} {{tp\|[[nimi sin]]}}, and the ~~syllables~~[[syllable]]s {{tp\|ji wo *wu}} are [[wuwojiti\|disallowed]], so {{IPA\|[~~σj‿i~~{{translucent\|σ}}j‿i ~~σw‿o~~{{translucent\|σ}}w‿o ~~σw‿u~~{{translucent\|σ}}w‿u]}} will be understood as {{IPA\|/{{translucent\|σ}}.i {{translucent\|σ}}.o {{translucent\|σ}}.u/}} instead.<ref group="lower-alpha">Where {{IPA\|{{translucent\|σ}}}} represents any syllable</ref> ==Crasis== Line 24 ⟶ 29: ==References== {{Wikipedia\|sandhi}} <references /> [[Category:Phonology]]