Sandhi: Difference between revisions

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{{Nonstandard}}
'''{{w|Sandhi}}''' is any of various types of [[Phonotactics|sound changes]] that occur at a word boundary. While [[Toki Pona]] generally has no such features, speakers have experimented with sandhis for stylistic and artistic effect, and learners may involve them in their pronunciation unconsciously. They tend to be used to avoid '''{{w|Vowel hiatus|hiatus}}''', two adjacent vowels.
 
==Coda nasal assimilation==
The coda nasal ''-n'' at the end of a syllable can be pronounced as any nasal consonant, and often {{w|Assimilation (phonology)|assimilates}} to the same {{w|place of articulation}} as the following consonant. It is less common for this to happen between words than within a word, but it may still occur, especially in rapid speech. For example, {{tp|[[pilin]] [[pona]]}} would become {{IPA|[ˈpili<mark>m</mark>‿ˈpona]}}.
 
==Glottal stop==
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Some speakers insert a {{w|semivowel}} glide at the end of vowels. In English, this occurs with the "long vowels" ay ee oh oo {{IPA|/ej ij ow uw/}}<ref>Dr Geoff Lindsey [@DrGeoffLindsey]. (22 October 2021).[//youtu.be/gtnlGH055TA Why these English phonetic symbols are all WRONG]. YouTube</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">{{IPA|[j]}} in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] represents {{w|Voiced palatal approximant|yod}}, as it does in Toki Pona.</ref> that are closest to Toki Pona {{tp|e i o u}}.
 
Learners may do this unintentionally, leading to ambiguities between phrases like {{tp|[[mi]] [[jo]] [[pona]] [[e]] [[ni]]}} ("I'm holding this fine") and {{tp|mi [[o]] pona e ni}} {{IPA|[mi<mark>j</mark>‿o ˈpona e ni]}} ("I should fix that"). Practice keeping the vowels "flat" to avoid this.
 
Some proficient speakers add glides intentionally in certain contexts, to split the hiatus in phrases like {{tp|wile e}} {{IPA|[ˈwile<mark>j</mark>‿e]}}. There is very little risk of confusion with {{tp|[[je]]}}, {{a category|je}} {{tp|[[nimi sin]]}}, and the [[syllable]]s {{tp|*ji *wo *wu}} are [[wuwojiti|disallowed]], so {{IPA|[σj‿i σw‿o σw‿u]}} will be understood as {{IPA|/σ.i σ.o σ.u/}} instead.<ref group="lower-alpha">Where {{IPA|σ}} represents any syllable</ref>