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Revision as of 16:37, 9 November 2023

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Merge mi li and sina li into page content.
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==Etymology==
The word {{tp|li}} is derived from the {{w|Esperanto}} third-person singular pronoun ''{{lang|eo|li}}''.<ref>{{cite etym}}</ref> It functions similarly to the {{w|Tok Pisin}} particle ''{{lang|tpi|i}}'', which introduces the verb except when the subject is the first- or second-person singular pronouns.<ref name="franklin1980"/><ref name="tung2014"/><ref name="verhaar1991"/>
 
==Function==
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{{Example|kili li moku.|Fruits are food.}}
{{Example|mi tawa tomo.|I'm going home.}}
{{Example|sina pona lukin.|You're pretty!}}
 
When the subject is anything other than the words {{tp|mi}} or {{tp|sina}} alone, it is separatedfollowed by {{tp|li}},. includingThis can come about when theymultiple subjects are actingused asin a single sentence with {{tp|[[modifieren]]}}, inor awhen {{tp|mi}} or {{tp|sina}} either modify or are modified by another word in nounthe phrasesubject.
 
{{Example|sina en mi li lukin e sitelen tawa.|You and I watch a movie.}}
{{Example|moku mi li lon supa.|My food is on the table.}}
{{Example|mi tu li kama.|The two of us arrive.}}
 
===Multiple predicates===
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{{Example|ona li kama li tawa.|They come and go.}}
{{Example|soweli li kute e kalama li lukin e kasi.|Animals listen to noises and look at plants.}}
 
The book {{lipu pu|en}} says that when multiple predicates are applied to {{tp|mi}} or {{tp|sina}}, athey newshould each be their own sentence, shouldinstead of repeating start{{tp|[[li]]}}.<ref>{{cite pu|56}}</ref>
 
{{Example|mi toki. mi moku.|I speak. andI eat.}}
 
Some speakers use a second {{tp|li}} in this case. This is referred to as "extended {{tp|li}} style" in the {{ku|en}}.<ref>{{cite ku|10}}</ref>
 
{{Example|mi mokutoki li tokimoku.|I eatspeak and speakeat.}}
 
A downside of this method is exemplified in this sentence: it is ambiguous whether {{tp|toki}} is meant to be a predicate or a modifier of {{tp|mi}}.
 
{{Example|mi mokutoki li tokimoku.|The foodlanguage-related me is talkingeating.}}
 
===Edge cases===
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{{Example|mi a wawa.}}
{{Example|mi a li wawa.}}
 
==Dropping after {{tp|mi}} and {{tp|sina}}==
{{Needs work|move [[mi li and sina li#Why no li?|{{tp|mi li}} and {{tp|sina li}} § Why no {{tp|li}}?]] to this section|section}}
 
Learners sometimes wonder why {{tp|li}} gets added for everything else, but not for {{tp|mi}} and {{tp|sina}}. Because the underlying confusion, or curiosity, can have different causes, there are many possible answers.
 
Etymologically speaking, {{tp|li}} is a third-person marker, derived from Esperanto, and it functions similarly to the {{w|Tok Pisin}} particle ''{{lang|tpi|i}}'', which introduces the verb except when the subject is the first- or second-person singular pronouns.<ref name="franklin1980"/><ref name="tung2014"/><ref name="verhaar1991"/>
 
It is commonly analysed that there is a "hidden" {{tp|li}} after {{tp|mi}} or {{tp|sina}}.
 
==Misconceptions==
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