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{{Main|Questions}}
 
The particle {{tp|anu}} is most commonly used in the phrase {{tp|anu seme}} to form {{w|tag question}}s.{{citation needed|reason=This is true, but to be demonstrated would require a precise statistical analysis.}} This literally means "or what?" and it is one of two ways to form {{w|yes-or-no questions}} in Toki Pona.
 
{{Example
|ona li jan pona <mark>anu seme?</mark>
|They are a good person, aren't they?<br/>Are they a good person?
|ona li jan-pona <mark>anu seme</mark>
}}
 
===Disjunction===
{{tp|anu}} is used to indicate an alternative among multiple things, either as a question or a statement. It replaces other particles ({{tp|[[en]]}}, {{tp|[[li]]}}, {{tp|[[e]]}}) or any [[preposition]], as when repeating them to introduce another [[subject]], [[predicate]], or [[object]]. For example:
The usage of the word {{tp|anu}} is rather underspecified in {{lipu pu|en}}. Nevertheless, it is used there for disjunction, to indicate an alternative among multiple things. The community at large is hesitant to use it this way, but there are examples of it in practice.
 
Introducing another subject:
 
{{Example
|onasina <mark>anu</mark> jan sina li kamajo e pilinjaki ikeMesotelijoma anula pilinsina ponaken lakama nijo lie sulimani alamute.<ref>{{cite webYouTube|urldate=https://tokipona.org/sitata/2023-04-08|id=8JygA930ydc|title=janjaki SitataMesotelijoma|trans-title=Mesothelioma|lang=tok|author=Herman Hesse, tr. {{tok|jan KalaSalo}}|websitechannel=toki.pona.orgSyro33|handle=syro33|access-date=20222024-02-07}}</ref>
|If you or someone you're related to has mesothelioma, you can receive a lot of money.<br>
If you or a loved one was diagnosed with mesothelioma, you may be entitled to financial compensation.
|sina <mark>anu </mark> jan sina li jo e jaki [mi en sina o tawa esun lili insa jaki o moli a] la sina ken kama jo e mani mute
}}
 
Introducing another predicate:
 
{{Example
|toki pona li nasin toki suli <mark>anu</mark> toki lili suwi taso?<ref>{{cite web|website=lipu tenpo|author=jan Telakoman|date=2021|url=https://wikisource.org/wiki/Lipu_tenpo/nanpa_akesi|title=lipu tenpo o kama pona!|urldate=2024-02-06}}</ref>
|Is Toki Pona a serious way of speaking or just a cute little language?
|toki-pona li nasin toki suli <mark>anu </mark> toki lili suwi taso
}}
 
Introducing another direct object:
 
{{Example
|ona li kama e pilin ike <mark>anu</mark> pilin pona la ni li suli ala.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tokipona.org/sitata/|title=jan Sitata|author=Herman Hesse, tr. jan Kala|website=toki.pona.org|date=2022}}</ref>
|Whether it brings pain or pleasure, this is unimportant.<br/>
It doesn't matter whether it brings pain or pleasure.
|ona li kama e pilin-ike <mark>anu </mark> pilin-pona la ni li suli ala
}}
 
Introducing another prepositional phrase:
Sometimes {{tp|anu seme}} is added on to the end of a series of alternatives to leave the question open:▼
 
{{Example
|jan li ken musi e ona kepeken toki Inli <mark>anu</mark> toki Nijon <mark>anu</mark> toki Kanse <mark>anu</mark> toki Epanja... <mark>anu</mark> toki pona kin a!<ref>{{cite web|title=musi pi alasa sona|author=jan Ke Tami|date=2021|website=lipu tenpo|url=https://wikisource.org/wiki/Lipu_tenpo/nanpa_toki|urldate=2024-02-06}}</ref>
|ona li ilo anu moku anu seme?<ref>{{cite web|author=jan Pensa|url=http://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/mi-en-waso-Kaka.html|title=mi en waso Kaka en monsuta pi ma kasi|website={{tok|utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref>▼
|Folks can play it in English, or in Japanese, or in French, or in Spanish... or even in Toki Pona!
|Is it a tool or food or what?▼
|jan li ken musi e ona kepeken toki [INLI] <mark>anu </mark> toki [NIJON] <mark>anu </mark> toki [KANSE] <mark>anu </mark> toki [EPANJA]. . . <mark>anu </mark> toki-pona kin a
|ona li ilo anu moku anu seme▼
}}
 
Introducing another modifier:
Alternatives can also be embedded within a larger admission of ignorance.
 
{{Example
|jan li wile sona e ni taso: ijo ala <mark>anu</mark> wan <mark>anu</mark> tu <mark>anu</mark> mute li lon?<ref>{{cite web|author=jan Kita|date=2021-09-21|url=https://lipukule.org/post/2021/09/21/nasin-nanpa-mute-li-lon/|urldate=2024-02-06|title=nasin nanpa mute li lon|website=lipu kule}}</ref>
|mi sona ala e ni: tenpo li suno anu pimeja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/nasi.html|author=jan Kepe|title=Nasi|website={{tok|utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref>▼
|IPeople don'tonly want to know this: thenothing, timeor is brightone, or dark.<br>Itwo, don'tor knowmany whether it's day time orthings nightare time.present?
|jan li wile sona e ni2 taso {{idsp}} ijo ala <mark>anu </mark> wan <mark>anu </mark> tu <mark>anu </mark> mute li lon
}}
 
▲SometimesThe phrase {{tp|anu seme}} is sometimes added on to the end of a series of alternatives to leave the question open or to indicate uncertainty on a topic. For example:
==Definitions==▼
 
{{Example
▲|ona li ilo <mark>anu</mark> moku <mark>anu seme? </mark><ref>{{cite web|author=jan Pensa|url=httphttps://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/mi-en-waso-Kaka.html|title=mi en waso Kaka en monsuta pi ma kasi|website={{tok|utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref>
▲|Is it a tool or food or what?
▲|ona li ilo <mark>anu </mark> moku <mark>anu seme</mark>
}}
 
{{Example
▲|mi sona ala e ni: tenpo li suno <mark>anu</mark> pimeja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/nasi.html|author=jan Kepe|title=Nasi|website={{tok|utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref>
|I don't know whether it's day time <mark>or</mark> night time.
|mi sona ala e ni2 {{idsp}} tenpo li suno <mark>anu </mark> pimeja
}}
 
▲==Definitions==
==={{tp|pu}}===
In the "[[Dictionary (pu)|Official Toki Pona Dictionary]]" section, the book {{pu|en}} defines {{tp|awenanu}} as:
 
{{pu def}}
 
==={{tp|ku}}===
For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|awenanu}}:<ref>{{cite ku|203}}</ref>
 
{{ku data}}
 
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}==
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|anu}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|anu}}}}) is a Y-shapeshaped logograph, representing a branch between two options, such as a fork in a road leading up to two paths.<ref>{{cite etym sp}}</ref>
 
=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}==
 
The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} word glyph for {{tp|anu}} ({{ss|anu}}) is a simple shape containing two backwards S-shaped elements, which are also found in the word glyph for {{tp|[[seme]]}} ({{ss|seme}}) and the glyph marking a question.
 
These backwards S-shaped elements are based on a similar element found in {{w|Mi'kmaw hieroglyphs|Mi'kmaw hieroglyphic writing}}, where they appear in several passages expressing questions or indeterminacy.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jonathan Gabel|username=|date=|url=//jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/acknowledgements/|title=sitelen sitelen acknowledgements and etymology|quote=|website=The website of Jonathan Gabel|publisher=|access-date=2024-04-09}}</ref>
 
==History==
{{Start section|Historical}}
{{Needs work|Clarify relationship to the rest of the page.|section}}
 
===Pre-{{tp|pu}} usage===
Line 91 ⟶ 131:
 
{{Example
|mi kute e mije <mark>anu</mark> meli.
|I hear a man or a woman. (answer to Lesson 7)
|mi kute e mije <mark>anu </mark> meli.
}}
 
{{Example
|wile sona nanpa wan li ni: ale li pona <mark>anu</mark> ike?
|The most fundamental question we can ever ask ourselves is whether or not the universe we live in is friendly or hostile. (Quote misattributed to {{w|Albert Einstein}})<ref>{{tok|jan Ke Tami}} (1 November 2023). "{{tok|toki ni li tan ala tan jan Ape Antan?}}". In [https://liputenpo.org/lipu-tenpo-nanpa-sin/ {{tp|lipu tenpo nanpa sin}}] (in Toki Pona). {{tp|lipu tenpo}}. p. 10.</ref>
|wile sona nanpa wan li ni : ale li pona <mark>anu </mark> ike
}}
 
Line 104 ⟶ 145:
* In the first sentence, {{tp|anu}} is presented as a statement. It might still act as a kind of chioce and could in some way work as a question.
* While in the second sentence, {{tp|anu}} is presented as a question. It is not clear whether {{tp|anu}} is responsible for forming this question, or if the phrase {{tp|wile sona}} is. That sentence is also not question in the English translation. Although this arises out of the reformulation of format. A literal translation may include a question: "the foremost question is this: is the universe good or bad?"
{{End section}}
 
==Experimental usages==
{{Needs work|Sentence-initial use mentioned on talk page|section}}
{{Start section|Experimental}}
 
There is an experimental proposal of the word {{tp|anu}} as a [[semiparticle]]. For example, it may be part of a [[la phrase|{{tp|la}} phrase]], as a whole meaning "otherwise". This phrase is similar to {{tp|[[ante]] la}}.
 
{{Example
|mi monsuta e sina la o weka. <mark>anu la</mark> ni li tenpo alasa.<ref>{{cite YouTube|id=_DVC7iJLgWs|title={{tok|monsuta}}|author={{tok|jan Usawi}}|channel={{tok|jan Usawi}}|handle=janusawi8794|date=2021-06-26|access-date=2023-12-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cohost.org/spiders/post/269405-my-favorite-toki-pon|title=my favorite toki pona song, explained in english (or, why "monsuta" by jan Usawi goes so fucking hard)|website=Cohost|author={{tok|soweli Kina}}|username=@spiders|date=2023-11-11|access-date=2023-12-17}}</ref>
|If I scared you, then run away. Otherwise it's hunting time.
|mi monsuta e sina la o weka &#x3000;{{idsp}} <mark>anu la </mark> ni li tenpo alasa
}}
 
In smaller communities,{{citation neededwh|reason=whowhich?}} an experimental usage of {{tp|anu}} was proposed{{wh|by whom?|date=2024-04-08}} similar to {{tp|[[taso]]}} and {{tp|[[kin]]}}, as [[modifier]]s of a phrase. This usage notably reduces the level of ambiguity created by {{tp|anu}} in situations where it would otherwise be unclear to replace particles or prepositions.
 
{{Example
Line 124 ⟶ 166:
}}
 
===Content word===
The semiparticle {{tp|anu}} is sometimes used as a [[content word]] meaning "to choose, to decide". This meaning is controversial due to the lack of content word meanings given to other particles in the language.
 
{{Example
|<mark>anu</mark> suli pi ma Tosi<ref>[[Aronora]] ({{tok|jan Alonola}}) (6 October 2021). "{{tok|anu suli pi ma Tosi}}". In [https://liputenpo.org/lipu-tenpo-nanpa-toki/ {{tp|lipu tenpo nanpa toki}}] (in Toki Pona). {{tp|[[lipu tenpo]]}}. p. 8.</ref>
|German national <mark>election</mark> (literally,{{lit|the land of "Germany's big <mark>choice"</mark>}})
|<mark>anu </mark> suli pi(ma ma[taso ona sona ijo])
}}
{{End section}}
 
==References==
Line 140 ⟶ 184:
* {{pu|en}}: Lesson 7
* {{tok|jan Lentan}}: [https://lipu-sona.pona.la/7.html Lesson 7]
* {{tok|soweli Tesa}}: [https://sowelitesalipu-sona.kittycat.homes/lipu-sonaen/12anu Lesson 12]
* {{tp|nasin toki pona}} [https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-anu the particle {{tok|anu}}]
 
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