anu: Difference between revisions

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(→‎Disjunction: retitle "subject" example to modifier, add proper subject example)
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{{Main|Questions}}
 
The particle {{tp|anu}} is most commonly used in the phrase {{tp|anu seme}} to form {{w|tag question}}s.{{citation needed|This is true, but to be demonstrated would require a precise statistical analysis.}} used in the phrase {{tp|anu seme}} to form {{w|tag question}}s. This literally means "or what?" and it is one of two ways to form {{w|yes-or-no questions}} in Toki Pona.
 
{{Example
|ona li jan pona <mark>anu seme?</mark>
|They are a good person, aren't they?<br/>Are they a good person?
|ona li jan-pona <mark>anu seme </mark>
}}
 
===Disjunction===
{{tp|anu}} is used to indicate an alternative among multiple things, either as a question or a statement. It replaces other particles ({{tp|[[en]]}}, {{tp|[[li]]}}, {{tp|[[e]],}}) or any [[preposition]], as when repeating them to introduce another [[subject]], [[predicate]], or [[object]]. For example:
 
Introducing another subject:
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|If you or someone you're related to has mesothelioma, you can receive a lot of money.<br>
If you or a loved one was diagnosed with mesothelioma, you may be entitled to financial compensation.
|sina <mark>anu </mark> jan sina li jo e jaki [MESOTELIJOMAmi en sina o tawa esun lili insa jaki o moli a] la sina ken kama jo e mani mute
}}
 
Introducing another predicate:
 
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|toki pona li nasin toki suli <mark>anu</mark> toki lili suwi taso?<ref>{{cite web|website=lipu tenpo|author=jan Telakoman|date=2021|url=https://wikisource.org/wiki/Lipu_tenpo/nanpa_akesi|title=lipu tenpo o kama pona!|urldate=2024-02-06}}</ref>
|Is Toki Pona a serious way of speaking or just a cute little language?
|toki -pona li nasin toki suli <mark>anu </mark> toki lili suwi taso
}}
 
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}}
 
Introducing another objectprepositional of a prepositionphrase:
 
{{Example
|jan li ken musi e ona kepeken toki Inli <mark>anu</mark> toki Nijon <mark>anu</mark> toki Kanse <mark>anu</mark> toki Epanja... <mark>anu</mark> toki pona kin a!<ref>{{cite web|title=musi pi alasa sona|author=jan Ke Tami|date=2021|website=lipu tenpo|url=https://wikisource.org/wiki/Lipu_tenpo/nanpa_toki|urldate=2024-02-06}}</ref>
|Folks can play it in English, or in Japanese, or in French, or in Spanish... or even in Toki Pona!
|jan li ken musi e ona kepeken toki [INLI] <mark>anu </mark> toki [NIJON] <mark>anu </mark> toki [KANSE] <mark>anu </mark> toki [EPANJA]. . . <mark>anu </mark> toki -pona kin a
}}
 
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}}
 
SometimesThe phrase {{tp|anu seme}} is sometimes added on to the end of a series of alternatives to leave the question open or to indicate uncertainty on a topic. For example:
 
{{Example
|ona li ilo <mark>anu</mark> moku <mark>anu seme? </mark><ref>{{cite web|author=jan Pensa|url=httphttps://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/mi-en-waso-Kaka.html|title=mi en waso Kaka en monsuta pi ma kasi|website={{tok|utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref>
|Is it a tool or food or what?
|ona li ilo <mark>anu </mark> moku <mark>anu seme </mark>
}}
 
Alternatives can also be embedded within a larger admission of ignorance.
 
{{Example
|mi sona ala e ni: tenpo li suno <mark>anu</mark> pimeja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/nasi.html|author=jan Kepe|title=Nasi|website={{tok|utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref>
|I don't know this: the time is bright or dark.<br>I don't know whether it's day time <mark>or</mark> night time.
|mi sona ala e ni: tenpo li suno <mark>anu </mark> pimeja
}}
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==={{tp|pu}}===
In the "[[Dictionary (pu)|Official Toki Pona Dictionary]]" section, the book {{pu|en}} defines {{tp|anu}} as:
 
{{pu def}}
 
==={{tp|ku}}===
For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|anu}}:<ref>{{cite ku|203}}</ref>
 
{{ku data}}
 
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{{Historical|section}}
{{Needs work|Clarify relationship to the rest of the page.|section}}
 
===Pre-{{tp|pu}} usage===
The usage of {{tp|anu}} to form questions without {{tp|seme}} was widespread before the publication of {{tp|pu}}.