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'''{{tp|e}}''' is a [[particle]] used tothat introduceintroduces the [[direct object]]target of thean sentence,action. thatIt is, the targetpart of the actionpredicate inand theintroduces a sentencedirect object.
 
==Function==
{{tp|e}} marks the verb's [[direct object]], the thing to which the subject of the sentence does the action. A verb with a direct object is called a transitive verb.<ref>See Hopper, Paul J., and Sandra A. Thompson. “Transitivity in Grammar and Discourse.” Language, vol. 56, no. 2, 1980, pp. 251–99. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/413757. Accessed 16 Jan. 2024.</ref> When the action has more than one target, the particle [[e]] introduces each new direct object.
{{tp|e}} marks the [[direct object]] of the verb. The [[direct object]] is the thing to which the action is done.
 
{{Example
|jan li wile alasa <mark>e</mark> mi[.]<ref>jan Lakuse, "luka waso pi nena taso" (2023) ''utala pona'' http://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/toki-lili.html#luka-waso-pi-nena-taso</ref>
|mi moku <mark>e</mark> telo.▼
|Someone wants to hunt me.
|I drink water.
|mijan mokuli wile alasa <mark>e </mark>telo. mi
}}
 
{{Example
|ale li ken lukin <mark>e</mark> ona, <mark>e</mark> pona ona, <mark>e</mark> wawa ona!<ref>mun Kekan San, "jan mun" (2023) ''utala pona'' http://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/jan-mun.html#sitelen-Lasina</ref>
|soweli li lukin <mark>e</mark> kili.▼
|Everyone could see them, their goodness, [and] their might!
|The animal looks at the fruits.
|soweliale li ken lukin <mark>e </mark>kili.ona <mark>e </mark>pona ona <mark>e </mark>wawa ona
}}
 
===Confusion with preposition marker===
===Multiple objects===
{{tp|e}} does <em>not</em> introduce the object of a [[preposition]].
When more than one [[direct object]] is used in a sentence, the particle [[e]] is repeated.
 
{{Example|mi lon ma kasi.|I am in a land of plants.}}
 
If {{tp|e}} is used in that position, it invokes a non-prepositional sense of the word.
 
{{Example▼
▲|mi mokulon <mark>e</mark> teloma kasi.
|I created the land of plants.
▲|sowelimi li lukinlon <mark>e </mark>ma kili.kasi
}}▼
 
This distinction extends to [[Prepositions#Transitive prepositional phrases|transitive prepositional phrases]], a nonstandard grammatical construction. Speakers who use this style use {{tp|e}} to introduce the direct object of the prepositional phrase.
 
{{Example
|melimi lilon openma <mark>e</mark> lupa loje <mark>e</mark> lupa lasokasi.
|The girls openI put-in-the red door and-soil the blue doorplants.
|melimi lilon openma <mark>e </mark>lupa loje <mark>e </mark>lupa lasokasi.
}}
 
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{{pu def}}
 
==Misconceptions==
The biggest confusion around {{tp|e}} comes from not knowing what the direct object is. For example, in the sentence below, the direct object is {{tp|sina}}, meaning that the subject is talking about someone, instead of to someone. The correct sentence would be {{tp|mi toki tawa sina}}.
 
▲{{Example
|mi toki e sina.
|<del>I talk to you.</del><br/>
I talk about you, I mention you.
▲}}
 
Remembering what is what isn't as hard as it seems; in English, the direct object never has a preposition. So if in the sentence you're translating, the "object" has a preposition before it (such as to, for, from, etc), it's not the direct object.
 
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}==
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|e}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|e}}}}) represents the heads of a double {{w|arrow symbol}}, facing rightwards along the standard writing direction. It is a reduplication of the glyph for {{tp|[[li]]}} ({{sp|li}}).
 
=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}==
{{Empty}}
<!--The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….-->
 
==References==
<references />
 
==Further reading==
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* {{tok|jan Lentan}}: [https://lipu-sona.pona.la/3.html Lesson 3]
* {{tok|jan Misali}}: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUtEN3vOuck objects (toki pona lesson two)]
* {{tok|soweli Tesa}}: [https://sowelitesalipu-sona.kittycat.homes/lipu-sonaen/4objects Lesson 4]
* {{tp|nasin toki pona}}: [https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-e the particle {{tok|e}}]
* Jonathan Gabel: [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/direct-objects/ Direct Objects]
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* {{R:Wikipesija}}
* {{R:Wiktionary}}
 
{{Words}}
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