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{{tp title|jo}} |
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{{Needs work|Stub}} |
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To most users, {{tp|jo}}n't involves restructuring sentences to compensate for the loss of {{tp|jo}}, so it generally does not change Toki Pona [[grammar]]. |
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==Motivations== |
==Motivations== |
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Toki Pona is not perfectly [[Minimalism|minimalist]], so many words can be reformulated with other words or grammatical expressions. For {{tp|jo}}, alternative expressions can be found easily and describe the immediate situation more clearly. |
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Many [[Tokiponist]]s view {{tp|jo}} as a [[calque]] of the English word "have". |
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A subset of {{tp|jo}}n't reduces the amount of situations in which {{tp|jo}} would be used. In contrast, {{lipu pu|en}} is very broad in its usage of {{tp|jo}}. |
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* Describing having access to something or refering to a vague relationship to something <ref>[https://lipu-pi-ijo-pi-toki.pona.la/lipu-pi-jan-sin-pi-toki-pona/index.html#jo kule epiku Atawan's dictionary]</ref>, or even owning something, is the least common way of using {{tp|jo}} |
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* Metaphorically holding or containing something is a common way of using {{tp|jo}} |
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* Physically containing something is a common way of using {{tp|jo}} |
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* Physically holding something is the most common way of using {{tp|jo}} |
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==Strategies== |
==Strategies== |
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Not all languages have a direct equivalent to the English "have" or use it the same way. In Russian, it is common to formulate it as {{lang|ru|У меня есть вещь}} (literally: "At me is a thing"). This kind of expression also works in Toki Pona: |
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{{example|ijo li lon mi|A thing is at me / A thing is with me}} |
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For holding something, refering to the body part or tool that enables the holding can be referenced: |
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{{example|ijo li lon luka mi|A thing is in my hand}} |
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{{example|mi luka e ijo|I apply a hand to a thing / I grab a thing}} |
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Containing something can simply refer to something being on the inside: |
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{{example|ijo li lon insa poki|A thing is in the box / The box contains a thing}} |
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Relationships are more commonly referred to by using modifiers: |
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{{example|ijo ni li ijo mi|This thing is my thing}} |
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{{example|ilo li poki e ijo|The tool applies a container to a thing / The tool contains a thing}} |
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==References== |
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<references /> |
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[[Category:Styles of Toki Pona]] |
[[Category:Styles of Toki Pona]] |