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'''{{tp|kepeken e}}''' is the site of contention in a debate about toki pona grammar. It is a "corner case" whose interpretation is uncertain: everyone agrees that it is ''possible'' to use the [[preposition]] [[kepeken]] as a [[transitive verb]] by following it with the [[particle]] [[e]], but it is not clear what such a construction means, nor whether it should be used. By 2017, the possibility of transitive [[prepositional phrases]] (that is, prepositional phrases that act as the [[predicate]] of a sentence and that take an [[object]] introduced by [[e]]) made this problem more complex.<ref>jan Pensa, sona pona commit record (2023-07-30) https://sona.pona.la/w/index.php?title=kepeken_e&oldid=1570</ref> However, as of 2023 these constructions are still relatively uncommon, and the whole problem of whether [[e]] should follow [[kepeken]] remains of minor interest for those who are not specialists in the study of [[toki pona]] grammar. |
'''{{tp|kepeken e}}''' is the site of contention in a debate about toki pona grammar. It is a "corner case" whose interpretation is uncertain: everyone agrees that it is ''possible'' to use the [[preposition]] [[kepeken]] as a [[transitive verb]] by following it with the [[particle]] [[e]], but it is not clear what such a construction means, nor whether it should be used. By 2017, the possibility of transitive [[prepositional phrases]] (that is, prepositional phrases that act as the [[predicate]] of a sentence and that take an [[object]] introduced by [[e]]) made this problem more complex.<ref>jan Pensa, sona pona commit record (2023-07-30) https://sona.pona.la/w/index.php?title=kepeken_e&oldid=1570</ref> However, as of 2023 these constructions are still relatively uncommon, and the whole problem of whether [[e]] should follow [[kepeken]] remains of minor interest for those who are not specialists in the study of [[toki pona]] grammar. |
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==Transitivity== |
==Transitivity== |
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Recall that toki pona [[verbs]] take a [[direct object]] introduced by the [[particle]] [[e]]. It is expected that the reader understand this point before they attempt what follows. |
Recall that toki pona [[verbs]] take a [[direct object]] introduced by the [[particle]] [[e]]. It is expected that the reader understand this point before they attempt what follows. |
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A word list from this period also confirms that prepositions could be used as content words by this period: ''tawa'' and ''kepeken'', in particular, are used as transitive verbs.<ref>[https://archive.ph/K7fME]toki pona word list with parts of speech</ref> |
A word list from this period also confirms that prepositions could be used as content words by this period: ''tawa'' and ''kepeken'', in particular, are used as transitive verbs.<ref>[https://archive.ph/K7fME]toki pona word list with parts of speech</ref> |
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However, using prepositions as content words makes certain sentences ambiguous. A classic example, coined on 2002-05-28 by [[Nikita Ayzikovsky]] on the [[Toki Pona Forums]] will suffice: |
However, using prepositions as content words makes certain sentences ambiguous. A classic example, coined on 2002-05-28 by [[Nikita Ayzikovsky]] on the [[Toki Pona Forums]] will suffice: |
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