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{{Other license|ask|it was copied from ''[[ma pona pi toki pona]]''}} |
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; ona li moku. : They eat. |
; ona li moku. : They eat. |
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== Multiple predicates == |
== Multiple predicates == |
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Typically, |
Typically, ''li'' is repeated when multiple predicates apply to the same subject. |
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; ona li kama li tawa. : They come and go. |
; ona li kama li tawa. : They come and go. |
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[[pu]] says that when multiple predicates are applied to |
''[[pu]]'' says that when multiple predicates are applied to ''mi'' or ''sina'', a new sentence should start.<ref>[[pu]] p. 56</ref> |
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; mi toki. mi moku. : I speak and eat. |
; mi toki. mi moku. : I speak and eat. |
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Some speakers use a second ''li'' in this case. This is referred to as "extended ''li'' style" in [[ku]]. |
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; mi toki li moku. : I speak and eat. |
; mi toki li moku. : I speak and eat. |
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A downside of this method is exemplified in this sentence: it is ambiguous whether ''toki'' is meant to be a predicate or a modifier of ''mi''. |
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This is referred to as "extended li style" and has received official sanction from [[ku]]. |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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The |
The Toki Pona particle ''li'' is from the Esperanto third-person singular pronoun "li."<ref>[https://archive.ph/i4Psx toki pona Etymological Dictionary]</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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* [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/basic-sentences/ sitelen sitelen Basic Sentences] |
* [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/basic-sentences/ sitelen sitelen Basic Sentences] |
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* [https://sowelitesa.kittycat.homes/lipu-sona/2 soweli Tesa Lesson 2] |
* [https://sowelitesa.kittycat.homes/lipu-sona/2 soweli Tesa Lesson 2] |
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* [https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jan-Lope/Toki_Pona_lessons_English/gh-pages/toki-pona-lessons_en/index.html#SECTION00230000000000000000 jan Lope] |
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*[https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-li nasin toki pona] |
*[https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-li nasin toki pona] |
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* [https://mun.la/sona/li.html jan Kekan San Actions with li] |
* [https://mun.la/sona/li.html jan Kekan San Actions with li] |
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Revision as of 03:36, 28 February 2023
li is a particle in Toki Pona that separates the subject from the rest of the sentence.
Function of li
li separates the subject from the predicate. The predicate can be a verb (with or without object), a noun, an adjective, or a prepositional phrase. It is omitted when the subject is mi or sina alone.
- ona li moku.
- They eat.
- soweli li suwi.
- The dog is cute.
- kili li moku.
- Fruits are food.
- mi tawa tomo.
- I'm going home.
- sina en mi li lukin e sitelen tawa.
- You and I watch a movie.
Multiple predicates
Typically, li is repeated when multiple predicates apply to the same subject.
- ona li kama li tawa.
- They come and go.
pu says that when multiple predicates are applied to mi or sina, a new sentence should start.[1]
- mi toki. mi moku.
- I speak and eat.
Some speakers use a second li in this case. This is referred to as "extended li style" in ku.
- mi toki li moku.
- I speak and eat.
A downside of this method is exemplified in this sentence: it is ambiguous whether toki is meant to be a predicate or a modifier of mi.
Etymology
The Toki Pona particle li is from the Esperanto third-person singular pronoun "li."[2]