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{{Short description|Naturalistic sign language}}
{{tp title}}
{{Hatnote|Not to be confused with {{tp|[[toki pona luka]]}}.}}
[[File:luka pona - jan Olipija lon ma kasi.webm|300px|thumb|{{tok|jan Olipija}} storytelling in {{tp|luka pona}}]]
'''{{tp|luka pona}}''', also known as '''{{tok|Luka Pona}} Sign Language''' ('''LPSL'''), is a {{w|Constructed language|constructed}} {{w|sign language}} and [[tokiponido]] created by the {{tp|luka pona}} community with large contributions from {{tok|jan Olipija}}.<!-- Phrasing requested from jan Olipija herself. --> It is a complete and organized language, expressed through manual and {{w|nonmanual features}}, unlike {{tp|[[toki pona luka]]}}, which is a {{w|Manually coded language|manually coded relex}} of Toki Pona. In the {{ku|en}} (2021), {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} advocates and recommends learning {{tp|luka pona}} instead of {{tp|toki pona luka}}.<ref>{{cite ku|11}}<blockquote>Signed Toki Pona ({{tp|toki pona luka}}) was presented as a game to battle {{w|Lojban|Lojbanists}}. A new and very pona project, {{tp|luka pona}}, has since been designed by {{tok|jan Olipija}} to be usable as a naturalistic sign language alongside Toki Pona. I recommend learning {{tp|luka pona}}.</blockquote></ref>
The language emerged in 2020 as a response to previous projects, namely Chuff's Toki Pona Sign Language (2013) and {{tp|toki pona luka}} (2014). The language was inspired by these and natural sign languages, such as {{w|American Sign Language}} (ASL), {{w|British Sign Language}} (BSL), {{w|International Sign}} (IS), {{w|Plains Indian Sign Language}} (PISL), {{w|Arabic Sign Language}} (ArSL), and others.<ref>{{cite YouTube|id=Wtyf1hEpO8c|title=The Sign Languages of Toki Pona (BSL) (English CC) and LPSL Demonstration (LPSL-TP CC)|author={{tok|jan Olipija}}; {{tok|jan Lakuse}}; {{tok|jan Tepo}}|date=2022-08-07|channel=tbodt|handle=tbodt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513135254/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wtyf1hEpO8c|archive-date=2024-05-13|url-status=live|access-date=2024-05-13}}</ref>
In a conference in {{w|University of Colorado}}, signer {{tok|jan Lakuse}} described it as an accessibility tool. They also described it also as a "linguistic toy", similar to Toki Pona, in order to introduce and experiment with sign language in a non-harmful way to fluent signers.<ref>{{cite roundtable|p=15}}</ref>
==
<!-- Do not move this section to the bottom of the page with external links. -->
[[File:Sona open pi luka pona.webm|250px|thumb|30-minute video lessons by {{tok|jan Lakuse}} explaining the basics of {{tp|luka pona}}.<ref name="lakuse2023" />]]
{{tp|luka pona}} is primarily taught in {{tp|[[toki pona taso]]}}, that is, learners are encouraged to learn it using Toki Pona from other speakers and with the following resources. The main [[community]] center for {{tp|luka pona}} is the <code>#{{tok|luka-pona}}</code> channel on the {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} {{w|Discord}} server, where there are videochat sessions for teaching and chatting.
===Resources by {{tok|jan Olipija}}===
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rE_crkyRPhQ Video dictionary]
* [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/luka-pona-li-seme.html {{tp|luka pona li seme?}}] (introductory blog post)
* [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-open.html Grammar documentation] (in Toki Pona; blog)
** [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oTIj2gUFYNEimEs45QiunbtNVMgceEZq76C46SQbMaw Grammar documentation] (Google Docs)
** [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GzcIa57Pz5sPnHWLcRm1UnC2W1WqYqtBPStkDy1DZZ0 Grammar documentation] (Google Docs; literal English translation)
* [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12uXTZvxWr8Q1G-KQOtqZlqilbg1tgUKqEB4luo1VB4E Dictionary spreadsheet]
===Resources compiled by the community===
* [https://luka.pona.la/ Hub website], by {{tok|jan Lakuse}} and {{tok|jan Tepo}}
* [http://antetokipona.infinityfreeapp.com/lukapona/ Online searchable dictionary]
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLejmSMwvYi4YLentgc6Tq3NRdDds5g7iQ LPSL masterlist] on {{w|YouTube}}
* Flashcards
** [https://community-courses.memrise.com/community/course/6123475/o-kama-sona-e-luka-pona/ Memrise]
** Anki: [https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/787017445285036052/885663170205712394 Discord]; [https://mega.nz/folder/QW1XHQ4D#0mXk2-CEP_fKp8V8yCgGBg Mega]
==Phonology==
The {{w|phonology}} of {{tp|luka pona}} consists of combinations of smaller features than signs, namely {{w|handshape}}, placement, orientation, and motion.
===Handshapes===
The {{w|handshape}} inventory consists of nine handshapes as shown below. This limited number of handshapes is helpful for those with limitations, either physical or technical. There are also several allophonic variants when signing in real life, sometimes used for emotional effect.
<!-- Multiple gallery tags used to center images correctly while keeping the 3×3 grid.
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag#Center -->
<gallery mode="nolines" class="center">
Toki Pona Luka - luka wan.png|'''{{handshape|wan}}''': Index finger extended
Toki Pona Luka - luka tu.png|'''{{handshape|tu}}''': Index and middle fingers extended
Toki Pona Luka - luka tawa.png|'''{{handshape|tawa}}''': Index finger and thumb extended
</gallery>
<gallery mode="nolines" class="center">
Toki Pona Luka - luka kiwen.png|'''{{handshape|kiwen}}''': Fist with thumb extended
Toki Pona Luka - luka supa.png|'''{{handshape|supa}}''': Fingers together
Toki Pona Luka - luka nena.png|'''{{handshape|nena}}''': Fingers together, bent at knuckles
</gallery>
<gallery mode="nolines" class="center">
Toki Pona Luka - luka sike.png|'''{{handshape|sike}}''': Fingertips and thumb touching, forming an "O" shape
Toki Pona Luka - luka telo (alt).png|'''{{handshape|telo}}''': Fingers spread
Toki Pona Luka - luka lili.png|'''{{handshape|lili}}''': Tips of index finger and thumb touching (other fingers spread)
</gallery>
In {{w|virtual reality}}, where there is also a community of {{tp|luka pona}} speakers, different handshapes are used to accomodate the technical limitations. Most controllers have a limited number of handshapes available, as such substitutions are made, similarly to how other sign languages adapt to VR.<ref>{{cite YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIIgy8M9od0|title=Using ASL in Virtual Reality (VRChat)|author=Jenny0629|channel=Helping Hands|handle=helpinghands3286|date=2020-05-04|access-date=2024-01-29}}</ref>
[[File:selo luka pi musi Wijasa.png|500px|center|thumb|Implementation of luka pona handshapes for virtual reality controllers.<ref>{{cite Discord|url=https://discord.com/channels/874321675624259665/1005878068184887377/1130625974040531035|name={{tok|jan Tepo}}|username=tbodt|channel=tok 🔹 tokiponaj-signolingvoj-トキポナ手語|server=プロ𛄡クトバベル PROJEKTO BABEL|access-date=2024-01-29}}</ref>]]
==Grammar==
{{Needs work|Include {{tp|nasin}} apart from that of jan Olipija.|section}}
===Modifiers===
Similar to Toki Pona, modifiers follow the word they are modifying.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-wan-nimi_9.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa wan - nimi kule en pi}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref>
===Particles===
The sign PI can be replaced with a brief pause without signing, and the sign for LA can be replaced with a longer pause without signing.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-tu-la-ni.html {{tp| nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa tu - la}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref>
===Directional signs===
Signs such as LUKIN, UTALA, KAMA/TAWA, and PANA/LANPAN point from the direction that the corresponding action comes from.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka_95.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka luka - nimi pali tawa}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref> For example, MI SINA LUKIN(tawa sina), the sign LUKIN points toward the referent of SINA, but in SINA MI LUKIN(tawa mi), it points toward the speaker. In ONA-1 ONA-2 LUKIN, it points toward the side of ONA-2.
===Postpositions===
Unlike Toki Pona, which has [[preposition]]s and [[preverb]]s, {{tp|luka pona}} instead uses postpositions and postverbs.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-tu-tu.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa tu tu - nimi poka en nimi poka pali}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref>
The sign O is also postpositive. When used for commands, it can be replaced by signing intensely. When used to address someone, O can be replaced by wiggling the hand intensely before or after the name; or with the sign LUKIN-E, pointing at the speaker, after the name.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-o.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka - o}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref>
==
Negation can be either expressed using the sign ALA or be signaled by shaking the head, lowering the eyebrows, and frowning.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-tu.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka tu - ala}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref>
===Syntax===
{{tp|luka pona}} has a [[w:subject–object–verb|subject–object–verb]] (SOV) word order and lacks the words {{tp|[[li]]}} or {{tp|[[e]]}}. The basic word order is structured as ''subject'' NI-1 ''object'' NI-2 ''verb''. The NI signs point toward different sides (indicated in the gloss with number suffixes), including for multiple subjects and objects.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-tu-wan_9.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa tu wan - nimi ijo en nimi pali}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref>
{{Example
| MI NI-1 PAN NI-2 MOKU.
| mi moku e pan.
| sp = no
| to = tok
}}
For short sentences, this sign may be omitted with little ambiguity. For instance, TOKI PONA may be interpreted either as {{tp|toki pona}} or {{tp|toki li pona}}.<ref name="lakuse2023">{{cite web|url=https://seka.pona.la/w/ve8tx8r8E8bRHyLCRhRkY5|title={{tok|sona open pi luka pona}}|website={{tok|ma Seka}}|author={{tok|jan Lakuse}}|username=jan_lakuse@seka.pona.la|date=2023-08-05|access-date=2023-12-16}}</ref> In this case, NI is used to disambiguate the meaning.
{{Example
| MI PAN MOKU.
| mi moku e pan.
| sp = no
| to = tok
}}
A second subject can be clarified with the sign EN/KIN/KAN, following the NI for the first subject. Multiple verbs are separated by a brief pause.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka_47.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka tu - nimi ijo mute en nimi pali mute}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref>
====Interrogative clauses====
In interrogative clauses, the sign SEME always ends the sentence. Yes-or-no questions are formed with a confused expression or by tilting the head to the side.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-tu_9.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka tu wan - toki pi wile sona}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref> SEME is also used to link sentences instead of {{tp|ni}}.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-tu_21.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka tu tu - nimi luka ‘SEME’}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref>
==Vocabulary==
{{Main|Dictionary of luka pona}}
===Fingerspelling===
The {{tp|luka pona}} {{w|fingerspelling|manual alphabet}} consists of 14 signs, which can be either one-handed (borrowed mostly from the {{w|French Sign Language family}}) or two-handed (borrowed from {{w|British Sign Langugage|BSL}} and the BANZSL language family), used to spell out [[names]] and words from Toki Pona.<ref>{{cite web|author={{tok|jan Olipija}}|date=2018-05-09|url=https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka_9.html|title=nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka wan - nimi nimi|lang=tok|website=Blogspot|access-date=2024-01-29}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" caption="One-handed fingerspelling signs">
LPSL a.jpg|alt=|A
LPSL e.jpg|alt=|E
LPSL i.jpg|alt=|I
LPSL j.jpg|alt=|J
LPSL k.jpg|alt=|K
LPSL l.jpg|alt=|L
LPSL m.jpg|alt=|M
LPSL n.jpg|alt=|N
LPSL o.jpg|alt=|O
LPSL p.jpg|alt=|P
LPSL s.jpg|alt=|S
LPSL t.jpg|alt=|T
LPSL u.jpg|alt=|U
LPSL w.jpg|alt=|W
</gallery>
[[File:luka pona two-handed fingerspelling signs.png|500px|center|thumb|Two-handed fingerspelling signs]]
Words which lack signs, such as {{tp|jasima}} and {{tp|[[eliki]]}}, are fingerspelled instead. When a given word or name is spelled frequently, its spelling may become faster and more relaxed over time, and might not include all the letters in the original, to the point of making the spelling unreadable to those not familiar with the word.<ref>{{cite Discord|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/1136414293638795305/1160109073182752799|name={{tok|jan Tepo}}|username=tbodt|thread={{tok|eliki li seme tawa sina?}}|channel={{tok|toki-suli}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}}}</ref> In sign language linguistics, this phenomenon is known as {{w|Lexicalization#In sign languages|lexicalization}} (not to be confused with [[lexicalization]] in the context of Toki Pona).
===Time===
[[Time]] phrases are expressed with phrase TENPO NI, with the sign NI pointing in different directions.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka - tenpo}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref> Pointing back represents {{tp|tenpo pini}}, pointing at one's feet represents {{tp|tenpo ni}}, and pointing forward represents {{tp|tenpo kama}}.
===Numbers===
[[Numbers]] can be expressed with the signs for Toki Pona number words, or by extending the corresponding number of fingers, optionally with the sign for {{tp|[[nanpa]]}} before. Another way of enumerating things is to touch the <var>n</var>th finger on the other hand.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka_8.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka tu tu - nanpa}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref>
===Intensifiers===
{{tp|luka pona}} does not use the intensifier {{tp|[[a]]}}. Instead, the speaker uses two hands.<ref name="lp6">jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-wan.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka wan - a en mute}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref> The sign MUTE can be replaced by signing a word many times in a row.
==References==
<references/>
{{General}}
[[Category:Tokiponidos]]
[[Category:Resources]]
[[Category:luka pona| ]]
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