sona pona

pi: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

pi (edit)

Revision as of 07:00, 18 April 2024

128 bytes added ,  1 month ago
no edit summary
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
(12 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 2:
| PoS = particle
}}
'''{{tp|pi}}''' is a [[particle]] used for regrouping [[modifier]]s. The resultingentire phrase that follows it ismodifies calledthe aphrase '''{{tp|pi}}that phrase'''comes before it.
 
==Function==
In [[ModifierToki Pona]]s, bywords defaultmodify or describe the word they come after. When several words are used in a row, applyeach new word describes the sum of toall wholethe phrasewords that precedescome itbefore.<ref group="lower-alpha">Some speakers{{citation needed}} analyze all modifiers as applying to the first word instead, but the distinction often doesn't matter.</ref>▼
{{Needs work|add explanation in simpler terms without relying on linguistics terms|section}}
 
▲[[Modifier]]s, by default, apply to whole phrase that precedes it.<ref group="lower-alpha">Some speakers{{citation needed}} analyze all modifiers as applying to the first word instead, but the distinction often doesn't matter.</ref>
 
{{Example|jan pona|good person}}
Line 20 ⟶ 18:
}}
 
The effect is similar to hyphenating an [[adjective]] phrases in English.<ref, as described by the name="ku">{{citelipu ku|8en}}</ref>. For this reason, {{tp|pi}} needs to be followed by at least two [[content words]]: the new head and a modifier applying to it. The particle is not needneeded if there is only one word following it.
 
{{Example
|waso kule tu
|tomo telo nasa
|two colorful birds
|strange water room (the room is weird)<br/>
weird bathroom
}}
{{Example
|tomowaso <mark>pi</mark> telokule nasatu<ref name="ku" />
|two-colored birds
|strange-water room (the liquid is weird)<br/>
|tomowaso <mark>pi(telokule nasatu)</mark>▼
bar, pub
▲|tomo <mark>pi(telo nasa)</mark>
}}
 
It is not possible to close a {{tp|pi}} phrase, beyond using a higher-priorityanother particle or preposition or ending the sentence. Modifiers that apply to the first word shouldbut insteadnot beto the words after {{tp|pi}} are instead moved before the {{tp|pi}} phrase:
 
{{Example
|jan pi pana sona ike
|teacher ofwho evildoes informationa (literally, "bad job of it ({{lit|badly-knowledge-giving person"}})
|jan pi(pana sona-ike)
}}
{{Example
|jan ike pi pana sona
|bad teacher (literally,who is a "bad person ({{lit|knowledge-giving bad person"}})
|jan-ike pi(pana sona)
}}
Line 95 ⟶ 91:
 
==={{tp|pi}} is not "of"===
Some dictionaries, most notably the one featured in [[Toki Pona Dictionary (pu)|{{tp|pu}}]], define the word {{tp|pi}} as meaning "of". This is misleading, as most senses of "of" don't translate into {{tp|pi}}. This was acknoledgedacknowledged in the section "[[Notes on lipu pu|Notes on {{tp|lipu pu}}]]" of the {{ku|en}}.<ref name="ku">{{cite ku|8}}</ref>
 
{{Example
Line 129 ⟶ 125:
Possession is one of many possible interpretations of {{tp|pi}}: what comes after {{tp|pi}} simply modifies, describes, qualifies, or alters what comes before it.
 
==Nonstandard usage==
=={{tp|pi}}n't==▼
{{Start section|Nonstandard}}
{{Main|pin't|{{tp|pi}}n't}}▼
===Prepositions and preverbs ininside {{tp|pi}} phrases===▼
 
It happens that a {{toktp|pi}} phrase can be interpreted as being a prepositional phrase or having a preverb, like a predicate.▼
The use of the word {{tp|pi}} is controversial. Many speakers believe it feels too engineered for Toki Pona's natural design, it creates more complexity and misconceptions than it is worth, and it encourages learners to [[Lexicalization|find "the phrase" for any given word]].{{Citation needed|Is there an example of someone specifically asserting this position?}}▼
 
▲==Prepositions and preverbs in pi phrases==
{{nonstandard}}
 
▲It happens that a {{tok|pi}} phrase can be interpreted as being a prepositional phrase or having a preverb, like a predicate.
 
{{Example
Line 143 ⟶ 134:
utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-13}}</ref>
|I spoke to the machine [that] was next to me.
|mi toki tawa ilo pi(lon poka mi).}}
}}
 
Though it is not obvious how to harmonize this usage with the standard way in which {{toktp|pi}} is used, presented above, these sentences remain comprehensible to many.{{citation needed}}▼
{{Example
{{End section}}
|jan pi wile ala monsutatesu li awen lon; taso jan pi wile monsutatesu li awen lon kin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lipukule.org/post/2021/01/29/monsutatesu/|author={{tok|kala pona Tonyu}}|date=2021-01-29|website={{tok|lipu kule}}|access-date=2023-11-13|title={{tok|monsutatesu}}}}</ref>
|People [who] don't want to [[monsutatesu]] are present; but people [who] want to [[monsutatesu]] are still around too.
|jan pi(wile ala [moku open nena supa uta tenpo ale tawa esun sewi utala]) li awen lon; taso jan pi(wile [moku open nena supa uta tenpo ale tawa esun sewi utala]) li awen lon kin.}}
 
▲=={{tp|pi}}n't==
▲Though it is not obvious how to harmonize this usage with the standard way in which {{tok|pi}} is used, presented above, these sentences remain comprehensible to many.{{citation needed}}
▲{{Main|pin't|{{tp|pi}}n't}}
{{Needs work|This section is not written in a neutral tone.|section}}
 
▲The use of the word {{tp|pi}} is controversial. Many speakers believe it feels too engineered for Toki Pona's natural design, it creates more complexity and misconceptions than it is worth, and it encourages learners to [[Lexicalization|find "the phrase" for any given word]].{{Citation needed|Is there an example of someone specifically asserting this position?}}
 
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}==
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|pi}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|pi}}}}) is a bottom-left corner in an L-shape. It is very common to use {{tp|pi}} as an [[extended glyph]], as in the glyph is extended below the words that it is modifying: {{sp|1=pi (<span style="opacity:0.5;">ijo ijo</span>)}}.
 
=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}==
{{Empty}}
<!--The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….-->
 
==Notes==
Line 158 ⟶ 159:
<references/>
 
==ExternalFurther linksreading==
 
===Resources===
* {{lipu pu|en}}: Lesson 11
* {{tok|jan Kekan San}}: [https://mun.la/sona/mod-pi.html Modifiers and {{tok|pi}}]
* {{tok|jan Lentan}}: [https://lipu-sona.pona.la/9.html Lesson 9]
* {{tok|soweli Tesa}}: [https://sowelitesalipu-sona.kittycat.homes/lipu-sonaen/6pi Lesson 6]
* {{tp|nasin toki pona}}: [https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-pi the particle {{tok|pi}}]
* Jonathan Gabel: [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/pi/ Descriptions and Possesives]
 
===Dictionaries===
* {{R:Linku}}
* {{R:Wikipesija}}
* {{R:Wiktionary}}
{{Words}}
Retrieved from "https://sona.pona.la/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/5420...16127"