pi: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
mNo edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
==Function== |
==Function== |
||
{{Needs work|add explanation in simpler terms without relying on linguistics terms|section}} |
|||
In [[Toki Pona]], words modify or describe the word they come after. When several words are used in a row, each new word describes the sum of all the words that come before.<ref group="lower-alpha">Some speakers{{citation needed}} analyze all modifiers as applying to the first word instead, but the distinction often doesn't matter.</ref> |
In [[Toki Pona]], words modify or describe the word they come after. When several words are used in a row, each new word describes the sum of all the words that come before.<ref group="lower-alpha">Some speakers{{citation needed}} analyze all modifiers as applying to the first word instead, but the distinction often doesn't matter.</ref> |
||
Line 20: | Line 18: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
The effect is similar to hyphenating [[adjective]]s in English.<ref name="ku">{{cite ku|8}}</ref> For this reason, {{tp|pi}} needs to be followed by at least two [[content words]]. The particle is not needed if there is only one word following it. |
The effect is similar to hyphenating [[adjective]]s in English, as described by the {{lipu ku|en}}.<ref name="ku">{{cite ku|8}}</ref> For this reason, {{tp|pi}} needs to be followed by at least two [[content words]]. The particle is not needed if there is only one word following it. |
||
{{Example |
{{Example |
||
Line 34: | Line 32: | ||
}} |
}} |
||
It is not possible to close a {{tp|pi}} phrase, beyond using another particle or preposition or ending the sentence. Modifiers that apply to the first word but not to the words after {{ |
It is not possible to close a {{tp|pi}} phrase, beyond using another particle or preposition or ending the sentence. Modifiers that apply to the first word but not to the words after {{tp|pi}} are instead moved before the {{tp|pi}} phrase: |
||
{{Example |
{{Example |
||
Line 129: | Line 127: | ||
Possession is one of many possible interpretations of {{tp|pi}}: what comes after {{tp|pi}} simply modifies, describes, qualifies, or alters what comes before it. |
Possession is one of many possible interpretations of {{tp|pi}}: what comes after {{tp|pi}} simply modifies, describes, qualifies, or alters what comes before it. |
||
==Nonstandard usage== |
|||
⚫ | |||
{{Main|pin't|{{tp|pi}}n't}} |
|||
⚫ | The use of the word {{tp|pi}} is controversial. Many speakers believe it feels too engineered for Toki Pona's natural design, it creates more complexity and misconceptions than it is worth, and it encourages learners to [[Lexicalization|find "the phrase" for any given word]].{{Citation needed|Is there an example of someone specifically asserting this position?}} |
||
⚫ | |||
{{Nonstandard|section}} |
{{Nonstandard|section}} |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
{{Example |
{{Example |
||
Line 142: | Line 137: | ||
utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-13}}</ref> |
utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-13}}</ref> |
||
|I spoke to the machine [that] was next to me. |
|I spoke to the machine [that] was next to me. |
||
|mi toki tawa ilo pi(lon poka mi) |
|mi toki tawa ilo pi(lon poka mi) |
||
}} |
|||
Though it is not obvious how to harmonize this usage with the standard way in which {{ |
Though it is not obvious how to harmonize this usage with the standard way in which {{tp|pi}} is used, presented above, these sentences remain comprehensible to many.{{citation needed}} |
||
=={{tp| |
=={{tp|pi}}n't== |
||
⚫ | |||
{{Needs work|What does it represent?|section}} |
|||
{{Needs work|This section is not written in a neutral tone.|section}} |
|||
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|pi}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|pi}}}}) is a bottom left corner; an L-shape. |
|||
⚫ | The use of the word {{tp|pi}} is controversial. Many speakers believe it feels too engineered for Toki Pona's natural design, it creates more complexity and misconceptions than it is worth, and it encourages learners to [[Lexicalization|find "the phrase" for any given word]].{{Citation needed|Is there an example of someone specifically asserting this position?}} |
||
While not universal, it is very common to use {{tp|pi}} as an [[extended glyph]]: {{sp|1=pi(<span style="opacity:0.5;">ijo ijo</span>)}}. See [[Extended glyphs#Long pi|Extended glyphs § Long {{tp|pi}}]]. |
|||
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}== |
|||
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|pi}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|pi}}}}) is a bottom-left corner in an L-shape. It is very common to use {{tp|pi}} as an [[extended glyph]], as in the glyph is extended below the words that it is modifying: {{sp|1=pi (<span style="opacity:0.5;">ijo ijo</span>)}}. |
|||
==Notes== |
==Notes== |
||
Line 162: | Line 161: | ||
===Resources=== |
===Resources=== |
||
* {{lipu pu|en}}: Lesson 11 |
* {{lipu pu|en}}: Lesson 11 |
||
* {{tok|jan Kekan San}}: [//mun.la/sona/mod-pi.html Modifiers and {{tok|pi}}] |
* {{tok|jan Kekan San}}: [https://mun.la/sona/mod-pi.html Modifiers and {{tok|pi}}] |
||
* {{tok|jan Lentan}}: [//lipu-sona.pona.la/9.html Lesson 9] |
* {{tok|jan Lentan}}: [https://lipu-sona.pona.la/9.html Lesson 9] |
||
* {{tok|soweli Tesa}}: [//sowelitesa.kittycat.homes/lipu-sona/6 Lesson 6] |
* {{tok|soweli Tesa}}: [https://sowelitesa.kittycat.homes/lipu-sona/6 Lesson 6] |
||
* {{tp|nasin toki pona}}: [//github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-pi the particle {{tok|pi}}] |
* {{tp|nasin toki pona}}: [https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-pi the particle {{tok|pi}}] |
||
* Jonathan Gabel: [//jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/pi/ Descriptions and Possesives] |
* Jonathan Gabel: [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/pi/ Descriptions and Possesives] |
||
===Dictionaries=== |
===Dictionaries=== |