pi: Difference between revisions

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==Function==

{{Needs work|add explanation in simpler terms without relying on linguistics terms|section}}

In [[Toki Pona]], words modify or describe the word they come after. When several words are used in a row, each new word describes the sum of all the words that come before.<ref group="lower-alpha">Some speakers{{citation needed}} analyze all modifiers as applying to the first word instead, but the distinction often doesn't matter.</ref>

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}}

The effect is similar to hyphenating [[adjective]]s in English.<ref name="ku">{{cite ku|8}}</ref> For this reason, {{tp|pi}} needs to be followed by at least two [[content words]]. The particle is not needed if there is only one word following it.

The effect is similar to hyphenating [[adjective]]s in English, as described by the {{lipu ku|en}}.<ref name="ku">{{cite ku|8}}</ref> For this reason, {{tp|pi}} needs to be followed by at least two [[content words]]. The particle is not needed if there is only one word following it.

{{Example

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}}

It is not possible to close a {{tp|pi}} phrase, beyond using another particle or preposition or ending the sentence. Modifiers that apply to the first word but not to the words after {{~~tok~~|pi}} are instead moved before the {{tp|pi}} phrase:

It is not possible to close a {{tp|pi}} phrase, beyond using another particle or preposition or ending the sentence. Modifiers that apply to the first word but not to the words after {{tp|pi}} are instead moved before the {{tp|pi}} phrase:

{{Example

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Possession is one of many possible interpretations of {{tp|pi}}: what comes after {{tp|pi}} simply modifies, describes, qualifies, or alters what comes before it.

==Nonstandard usage==

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=={{tp|pi}}n't==

{{Main|pin't|{{tp|pi}}n't}}

⚫

The use of the word {{tp|pi}} is controversial. Many speakers believe it feels too engineered for Toki Pona's natural design, it creates more complexity and misconceptions than it is worth, and it encourages learners to [[Lexicalization|find "the phrase" for any given word]].{{Citation needed|Is there an example of someone specifically asserting this position?}}

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==Prepositions and preverbs in {{tp|pi}} phrases==

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It happens that a {{~~tok~~|pi}} phrase can be interpreted as being a prepositional phrase or having a preverb, like a predicate.

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===Prepositions and preverbs inside {{tp|pi}} phrases===

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It happens that a {{tp|pi}} phrase can be interpreted as being a prepositional phrase or having a preverb, like a predicate.

{{Example

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utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-13}}</ref>

|I spoke to the machine [that] was next to me.

|mi toki tawa ilo pi(lon poka mi)~~.}}~~

|mi toki tawa ilo pi(lon poka mi)

}}

Though it is not obvious how to harmonize this usage with the standard way in which {{~~tok~~|pi}} is used, presented above, these sentences remain comprehensible to many.{{citation needed}}

Though it is not obvious how to harmonize this usage with the standard way in which {{tp|pi}} is used, presented above, these sentences remain comprehensible to many.{{citation needed}}

=={{tp|~~sitelen pona~~}}==

=={{tp|pi}}n't==

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{{Main|pin't|{{tp|pi}}n't}}

{{Needs work|This section is not written in a neutral tone.|section}}

The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|pi}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|pi}}}}) is a bottom left corner; an L-shape.

⚫

The use of the word {{tp|pi}} is controversial. Many speakers believe it feels too engineered for Toki Pona's natural design, it creates more complexity and misconceptions than it is worth, and it encourages learners to [[Lexicalization|find "the phrase" for any given word]].{{Citation needed|Is there an example of someone specifically asserting this position?}}

While not universal, it is very common to use {{tp|pi}} as an [[extended glyph]]: {{sp|1=pi(<span style="opacity:0.5;">ijo ijo</span>)}}. See [[Extended glyphs#Long pi|Extended glyphs § Long {{tp|pi}}]].

=={{tp|sitelen pona}}==

The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|pi}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|pi}}}}) is a bottom-left corner in an L-shape. It is very common to use {{tp|pi}} as an [[extended glyph]], as in the glyph is extended below the words that it is modifying: {{sp|1=pi (<span style="opacity:0.5;">ijo ijo</span>)}}.

==Notes==

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===Resources===

* {{lipu pu|en}}: Lesson 11

* {{tok|jan Kekan San}}: [//mun.la/sona/mod-pi.html Modifiers and {{tok|pi}}]

* {{tok|jan Kekan San}}: [https://mun.la/sona/mod-pi.html Modifiers and {{tok|pi}}]

* {{tok|jan Lentan}}: [//lipu-sona.pona.la/9.html Lesson 9]

* {{tok|jan Lentan}}: [https://lipu-sona.pona.la/9.html Lesson 9]

* {{tok|soweli Tesa}}: [//sowelitesa.kittycat.homes/lipu-sona/6 Lesson 6]

* {{tok|soweli Tesa}}: [https://sowelitesa.kittycat.homes/lipu-sona/6 Lesson 6]

* {{tp|nasin toki pona}}: [//github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-pi the particle {{tok|pi}}]

* {{tp|nasin toki pona}}: [https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-pi the particle {{tok|pi}}]

* Jonathan Gabel: [//jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/pi/ Descriptions and Possesives]

* Jonathan Gabel: [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/pi/ Descriptions and Possesives]

===Dictionaries===