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{{Colors}}
{{Needs work|it needs explanations of expressions like "laso loje", "loje walo", "pimeja laso", "waso pimeja walo" vs. "waso pi pimeja walo", maybe "jelo wawa" vs. "jelo pi wawa ala", etc.}}
This is a description of '''colors''' in [[Toki Pona]]. The color words featured in the book {{pu|en}} can roughly be compared to the {{w|CMYK color model}}. The words for hue—{{tp|[[loje]]}}, {{tp|[[jelo]]}}, {{tp|[[laso]]}}—describe a red–yellow–"{{w|Blue–green distinction in language|grue}}" system. {{tp|[[pimeja]]}} and {{tp|[[walo]]}} are often used as [[modifier]]s to describe shades and tints, respectively.
 
{{clear}}
This is description of '''colors''' in Toki Pona. The color words featured in the book {{pu|en}} can roughly be compared to the {{w|CMYK color model}}. The words for hue—{{tp|[[loje]]}}, {{tp|[[jelo]]}}, {{tp|[[laso]]}}—describe a red–yellow–"{{w|Blue–green distinction in language|grue}}" system. {{tp|[[pimeja]]}} and {{tp|[[walo]]}} are often used as [[modifier]]s to describe shades and tints, respectively.
 
==Core words==
 
==={{tp|kule}}===
{{Main|kule|{{tp|kule}}}}
{{nimi
{{nimi| kule
|collapsed=yes
| image = Webysther 20190718121610 - Santana de Parnaíba.jpg
| PoS = content word
}}
The word {{tp|[[kule]]}} is {{a category|kule}} word relating to colors, {{w|hue}}, {{w|pigment}}s, and {{w|paint}}.<ref>{{cite ku|256}}</ref>
 
{{Example
The word {{tp|kule}} is a core word relating to hue, colours, pigments or paint.
| kasi ni li <mark>kule</mark> seme?
 
{{Example|kasi ni li <mark>kule</mark> seme?|What <mark>color</mark> is this plant?}}
| kasi ni li <mark>kule</mark> seme
 
}}
By analogy, {{tp|kule}} is sometimes extended to refer to any intrinsic or sensory attribute, such as composition, sensory information (hue, smell, flavor, timbre, texture), or [[Gender|gender identity]]. The word {{tp|[[poki]]}} ("container") is used as an [[antonym]] for this sense, meaning any extrinsic attribute. Compare the English phrase "to put someone in a box".
{{clear}}
 
The word {{tp|kule}} is derived from {{w|Acadian French}} ''{{lang|fr|couleur}}''.<ref name="etym">{{cite etym}}</ref>
<br style="clear: right;"/>
 
==={{tp|loje}}===
{{Main|loje|{{tp|loje}}}}
{{nimi
{{nimi| loje
|collapsed=yes
| image = Annecy-le-Vieux (51631154809).jpg
| image = Color icon rose.png
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|[[loje]]}} is used for red and red–adjacent colors, including pinks and magentas.<ref>{{cite ku|271}}</ref> It usually ranges from reddish shades of purple to reddish shades of orange and brown. Other colors that can be described as {{tp|loje}} include {{w|burgundy}}, {{w|crimson}}, {{w|Fuchsia (color)|fuchsia}}, {{w|maroon}}, {{w|Rust (color)|rust}}, {{w|Salmon (color)|salmon}}, {{w|scarlet}}, and {{w|vermilion}}.
{{clear}}
 
Other colors that can be described as {{tp|loje}} include burgundy, crimson, fuchsia, maroon, rust, salmon, scarlet, and vermilion.
 
The word {{tp|loje}} is derived from {{w|Dutch language|Dutch}} ''{{lang|nl|rooie}}'', an {{w|Inflection|inflected form}} of ''{{lang|nl|rood}}''.<ref name="etym"/>
<br style="clear: right;"/>
 
==={{tp|jelo}}===
{{Main|jelo|{{tp|jelo}}}}
{{nimi
{{nimi| jelo
|collapsed=yes
| image = All yellow household jumble 2020-03-28 Focus stack.jpg
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|[[jelo]]}} is used for yellow and yellow–adjacent colors.<ref>{{cite ku|234}}</ref> It usually ranges from yellowish shades of orange and brown to very yellowish shades of green. Other colors that can be described as {{tp|jelo}} include {{w|amber}}, {{w|Gold (color)|gold}}, and {{w|Lime (color)|lime}}.
{{clear}}
 
Other colors that can be described as {{tp|jelo}} include amber, gold, and lime.
 
The word {{tp|jelo}} is derived from {{w|English language|English}} ''yellow''.<ref name="etym"/>
<br style="clear: right;"/>
 
==={{tp|laso}}===
{{Main|laso|{{tp|laso}}}}
{{nimi
{{nimi| laso
|collapsed=yes
| PoS = content word
| image = Color icon grue.svg
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|[[laso]]}} is used for {{w|turquoise}} and turquoise–adjacent colors, including blues and greens.<ref>{{cite ku|261}}</ref> It usually ranges from greens to bluish shades of violet. Toki Pona lacks the {{w|Blue–green distinction in language|disintinctiondistinction betwenbetween blue and green}}, linguistislinguists call this umbrella color term "grue". Other colors that can be described as {{tp|laso}} include {{w|aquamarine}}, {{w|azure}}, {{w|cobalt}}, {{w|cyan}}, {{w|indigo}}, {{w|Lime (color)|lime}}, {{w|Mint (color)|mint}}, {{w|Navy (color)|navy}}, {{w|Olive (color)|olive}}, and {{w|teal}}.
{{clear}}
 
Other colors that can be described as {{tp|laso}} include aquamarine, azure, cobalt, cyan, indigo, lime, mint, navy, olive, and teal.
 
The word {{tp|laso}} is derived from {{w|Welsh language|Welsh}} ''{{lang|cy|glas}}'', meaning only "blue" in modern Welsh, but used to cover colors like green and silver.<ref name="etym"/>
<br style="clear: right;"/>
 
==={{tp|walo}}===
{{Main|walo|{{tp|walo}}}}
{{nimi
{{nimi| walo
|collapsed=yes
| PoS = content word
| image = Blancos.png
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|[[walo]]}} is used for any pale or light color, especially those approaching white.<ref>{{cite ku|283}}</ref> While {{tp|walo}} and {{tp|[[suno]]}} can both be translated as "light", they mean different things. {{tp|suno}} refers to light itself, and may [[Modifier|modify]] and describe objects that emit light. On the other hand, {{tp|walo}} refers to the {{w|Lightness|lightness of a color}} alone.
{{clear}}
 
Note that while {{tp|walo}} and {{tp|[[suno]]}} can both be translated as "light", they mean different things. {{tp|suno}} means light itself, and it can be used as an [[adjective]] to describe objects that give light. On the other hand, {{tp|walo}} refers to the lightness of color alone.
 
The word {{tp|walo}} is derived from {{w|Finnish language|Finnish}} ''{{lang|fi|valko-}}'', the combining form of ''{{lang|fi|valkoinen}}'', meaning "white".<ref name="etym"/>
<br style="clear: right;"/>
 
==={{tp|pimeja}}===
{{Main|pimeja|{{tp|pimeja}}}}
{{nimi
{{nimi| pimeja
|collapsed=yes
| PoS = content word
| image = Color icon black.svg
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|[[pimeja]]}} is used for any dark color, especially those approaching black.<ref>{{cite ku|328}}</ref> {{tp|pimeja}} is also used for "darkness", as an antonym of {{tp|[[suno]]}} ("light"), and can be used to describe shadows, unlit spaces, and the night.
{{clear}}
 
==Colors in context==
{{tp|pimeja}} is also used for "darkness", as an antonym of {{tp|[[suno]]}} ("light"), and can be used to describe shadows, unlit spaces, and the night.
{{Needs work|scope=section}}
[[File:Lime as jelo laso.png|150px|thumb|Lime shown as both {{tp|jelo}} or {{tp|laso}}.]]
 
The name for a specific hue may differ in context, {{w|lime (color)|lime}} may be referred to as either {{tp|jelo}} or {{tp|laso}}, depending on context, as shown in the illustration above.{{Clear}}
The word {{tp|pimeja}} is derived from {{w|Finnish language|Finnish}} ''{{lang|fi|pimeä}}'', meaning "black".<ref name="etym"/>
<br style="clear: right;"/>
 
==NonstandardColor wordsmixing==
{{Needs work|it needs explanations of expressions like "laso loje", "loje walo", "pimeja laso", "waso pimeja walo" vs. "waso pi pimeja walo", maybe "jelo wawa" vs. "jelo pi wawa ala", etc.|scope=section}}
{{Nonstandard}}
 
[[File:Color mixture.svg|thumb|250x520px|{{w|Subtractive color}}s mix like ink or paint.]]
==={{tp|kapesi}}===
[[File:kule pi.svg|thumb|250x250px|Difference betwen {{tp|len loje jelo}} (red and yellow fabric) and {{tp|len pi loje jelo}} (yellowish red fabric)]]
{{nimi
| kapesi
| image = Brown and gray wood (Unsplash).jpg
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|kapesi}} is a rare word for brown and gray. It is derived from either {{w|Cantonese language|Cantonese}} {{lang|yue|咖啡色}} (gaa<sup>3</sup> fe<sup>1</sup> sik<sup>1</sup>) or {{w|Mandarin language|Mandarin}} {{lang|cmn|咖啡色}} (kāfēisè), meaning "brown" (literally, "coffee color"). <!-- When was it coined? Where is the earliest source of this word? -->
 
Color words can be combined into [[phrase]]s to "mix" their respective colors and describe more specific colors more closely. It is usually thought of in a {{w|Subtractive color|subtractive}} {{w|color space}}, which works like mixing ink or paints (whereas an additive color space works like shining colored spotlights).
In practice, it is more commonly used for browns than grays, because browns are usually hard to describe with {{tp|pu}} words, while grays can easily be described as {{tp|pimeja walo}} ("light black") or {{tp|walo pimeja}} ("dark white").
<br style="clear: right;"/>
 
For example, the phrases {{tp|laso loje}} ("reddish blue") and {{tp|loje laso}} ("bluish red") are common ways to say purple. They may refer to somewhat different hues, leaning in the direction of the head (first) noun. In this case, {{tp|laso loje}} would describe more bluish purples, and {{tp|loje laso}} would describe more reddish purples.
==={{tp|unu}}===
{{nimiClear}}
| unu
| image = Purple buttons (3538662481).jpg
| PoS = content word
}}
{{tp|unu}} is a rare word used for purple and purple–adjacent colors, including violets, and sometimes magentas and indigos. It was coined by {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in 2020 and is derived from {{w|Indonesian language|Indonesian}} ''{{lang|id|ungu}}''.<ref>{{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}}. [@sonjalang] (23 December 2020). [https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/316063418253705229/791382999231889408 Message posted on the <code>#{{tok|toki-pona}}</code> channel in the {{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}} Discord server]. "{{tok|ken la nimi sin li unu tan nimi}} {{lang|id|ungu}} {{tok|pi toki Intonesija}}". ''Discord''.</ref>
<br style="clear: right;"/><!-- personally deciding not to include nalanja or peta because they're linku!obscure and something something WP:UNDUE -->
 
==Color mixing==
Color words can be combined into phrases to "mix" their respective colors and describe more specific colors more closely. It is usually thought of in a subtractive color space, which works like mixing paints or ink (whereas an additive color space works like shining colored spotlights).
 
==See also==
For example the phrases {{tp|laso loje}} ("reddish blue") and {{tp|loje laso}} ("bluish red") are common ways to say purple. They may refer to somewhat different hues, leaning in the direction of the head (first) noun. In this case, {{tp|laso loje}} would describe more bluish purples, and {{tp|loje laso}} would describe more reddish purples.
* [[Nonstandard color words]]
 
==References==
<references />
{{Words}}
[[Category:Words]]
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