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Common lexicalizations: Difference between revisions
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Fixed phrases for specific things, also known as [[lexicalization]]s, sidestep that process entirely. This is often seen as undesirable. In many cases it causes the speaker to give more context than is needed, or to describe something in a way detatched from it's context. It can be a source of confusion, if a speaker mistakenly believes the same construction can only ever mean one thing- thus failing to understand the intended nuance of the other party.
Nonetheless, some phrases are used in this fixed manner by some speakers. Ultimately, the context of the conversation, and how you relate to it should guide your word choices. A common lexicalization could incidentally be the most accurate way of communicating your intent. To abstract your intended meaning for the sake of "avoiding lexicalization" is to recreate the same departure from toki pona philosophy.
==Phrases featured in {{tp|pu}}==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Lexicalized phrase
! Meaning
! Alternatives
|-
! {{tp|toki pona}}<ref group="lower-alpha">Same goes for {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} and such.</ref>
| the Language of Good by [[Sonja Lang]]
| {{tp|toki ni}}, {{tp|toki lili}}, {{tp|toki pi nimi lili}}, {{tp|toki pi nimi mute ala}}, {{tp|toki pi nimi ale mute}} ([[How many words does toki pona have?|or more]])<br/>{{tp|toki pi jan Sonja}}, {{tp|toki pu}}, {{tp|toki tan lipu pu}}, {{tp|toki ku}}<br/>Any above, replacing {{tp|toki}} with {{tp|nasin toki}}
|-
! {{tp|tomo tawa}}<ref group="lower-alpha">Ironically, {{tp|pu}} uses this as an example of ''not'' lexicalizing, along with {{tp|ilo tawa}} for the perspective of a driver and {{tp|kiwen tawa}} for that of a hit pedestrian.</ref>
| car
| {{tp|ilo tawa}}, {{tp|kiwen tawa}}, {{tp|poki tawa}}, {{tp|supa mute tawa}}<br/>Any above, replacing {{tp|tawa}} with {{tp|awen}}, {{tp|pini}} (when parked, stopped, or braking)<br/>{{tp|tomo nasin}}, {{tp|poki jan}}, {{tp|tomo pi noka sike}}, {{tp|soweli ilo}}, {{tp|mani kiwen}}, {{tp|tomo pi weka ma}}, {{tp|tomo pi pana kon ike}}, {{tp|tomo pi sike kalama}}, {{tp|ilo moli}} (critical)
|-
! {{tp|telo nasa}}
| alcoholic drink
| {{tp|telo pan}}, {{tp|telo ike}}, {{tp|telo pona}}, {{tp|telo musi}}, {{tp|telo pi ante lawa}}, {{tp|telo pi lawa weka}}
|-
! {{tp|jan pona}}
| friend
| {{tp|jan poka}}, {{tp|jan olin}} (for close friends), {{tp|jan mi}}, {{tp|jan kulupu}}, {{tp|jan pi kulupu mi}}<br/>Any above, replacing {{tp|jan}} (for non–human friends)
|-
! {{tp|jan lili}}
| child
| {{tp|jan kili}}, {{tp|jan tan mama}} (as in offspring)<br/>{{tp|jan sin}}, {{tp|jan pi tenpo lili}} (as in youth)<br/>Any above, replacing {{tp|jan}} (for nonhuman children)
|}
==Time phrases==
{{Main|Time}}
==Other phrases==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Lexicalized phrase
! Meaning
! Alternatives
|-
! {{tp|ma pona}}
| the Discord server {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}}
| {{tp|ma ni}}, {{tp|ma pi suli nanpa wan}}, {{tp|ma pi akesi Jan}}
|-
! {{tp|jan sin}}
| newbie, especially in a {{tp|toki pona}} context
| {{tp|jan pi kama sona}}, {{tp|jan pi open sona}}, {{tp|jan pi sona lili}}<br/>Any above, replacing {{tp|jan}} (for non–human newcomers)
|-
! {{tp|nimi sin}}
| word created after {{tp|pu}} or {{tp|ku}}<hr/>word that would be new to someone who has only read {{tp|pu}} or {{tp|ku}}, even if created before
| {{tp|nimi namako}}, {{tp|nimi pi pu ala}}, {{tp|nimi pi ku ala}}, {{tp|nimi nasa}}, {{tp|nimi pi kepeken lili}}
|-
! {{tp|kasi nasa}}
| marijuana and its derivatives, such as edibles, vapes, etc.
| {{tp|moku nasa}}, {{tp|moku pi lawa weka}}, {{tp|kasi pi pilin nasa}}, {{tp|kasi pi wile moku}}, {{tp|kasi sona}}
|-
! {{tp|pana sona}}
| to teach, teaching, education
| {{tp|mi pana e sona}}, {{tp|sina kama sona tan mi}}
|-
! {{tp|soweli tomo}}
| pet
| {{tp|soweli pona}}, {{tp|soweli poka}}, {{tp|soweli mi}}, {{tp|soweli jan}}, {{tp|soweli olin}}, {{tp|soweli awen}}<br/>Any above, replacing {{tp|soweli}} (for non–land mammal pets)
|-
! {{tp|ken la}}
| maybe
| {{tp|lon ken}}, {{tp|ni li ken}}
|-
! {{tp|supa lape}}
| bed
| {{tp|ilo lape}}, {{tp|supa ko}}, {{tp|supa unpa}}
|-
! {{tp|kalama musi}}
| music
| {{tp|kalama}}, {{tp|musi kalama}}, {{tp|musi kute}}, {{tp|kalama nasin}}, {{tp|nasin kalama}}, {{tp|kalama kulupu}}, {{tp|kulupu kalama}}, {{tp|kalama pona}}, {{tp|mu musi}}
|-
! {{tp|ilo sona}}
| computer
| {{tp|ilo}}, {{tp|ilo nanpa}}, {{tp|poki nanpa}}, {{tp|ilo pi sitelen soweli}}, {{tp|ilo supa}}, {{tp|ilo wawa}}
|-
! {{tp|wile sona}}
| question
| {{tp|alasa sona}}, {{tp|kama sona}}, {{tp|toki tawa sona sin}}, {{tp|toki pi lon anu lon ala}}, {{tp|toki sama a ala a}}, {{tp|toki tan sona ona pi sona ala ona}}
|-
! {{tp|tomo telo}}
| bathroom
| {{tp|tomo jaki}}, {{tp|tomo pi pana/weka jaki}}, {{tp|tomo pi pona selo}}
|-
! {{tp|soweli mani}}
| cow
| {{tp|soweli suli}}, {{tp|soweli walo pimeja}}, {{tp|soweli pi telo walo}}
|}
==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
| |||