Common lexicalizations: Difference between revisions
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An important part of ''toki pona'' philosophy is that the speaker must think about what something is at its core before they can talk about it. Fixed phrases for specific things |
An important part of ''[[toki pona]]'' philosophy is that the speaker must think about what something is at its core before they can talk about it. Fixed phrases for specific things, also known as [[lexicalization]]s, are frowned upon, as they sidestep that aspect, while also forcing other speakers to memorize such combinations and making it difficult to use them to refer to other things. |
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Nonetheless, some lexicalizations do creep into common usage. This page aims to catalog them, and provide ideas for alternatives, and inspiration for your own phrasings. |
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These phrases occur in ''[[pu]]''. |
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!Lexicalized phrase |
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! Phrase !! Meaning !! Alternatives |
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!Meaning |
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!Alternatives |
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|''[[toki pona]]''<ref>Same goes for ''[[sitelen pona]]'' and such.</ref> |
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|the Language of Good by [[Sonja Lang]] |
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|''toki ni'', ''toki lili'', ''toki pi nimi lili'', ''toki pi nimi mute ala'', ''toki pi nimi ale mute'' ([[How many words does toki pona have?|or more]])<br />''toki pi jan Sonja'', ''toki pu'', ''toki tan lipu pu'', ''toki ku''<br />Any above, replacing ''toki'' with ''nasin toki'' |
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|''tomo tawa''<ref>Funnily enough, ''pu'' uses this as part of a call ''not'' to lexicalize, proposing ''ilo tawa'' from the perspective of a driver and ''kiwen tawa'' from that of a hit pedestrian.</ref> |
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|car |
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|''ilo tawa'', ''kiwen tawa'', ''poki tawa'', ''supa mute tawa''<br />Any above, replacing ''tawa'' with ''awen'', ''pini'' (when parked, stopped, or braking)<hr />''tomo nasin'', ''poki jan'', ''soweli ilo'', ''mani kiwen''<br />''tomo pi weka ma'', ''tomo pi pana kon ike'', ''tomo pi sike kalama'', ''ilo moli'' (critical) |
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|''telo nasa'' |
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| telo nasa || alcoholic drink || telo pan, telo ike, telo pona |
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|alcoholic drink |
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|''telo pan'', ''telo ike'', ''telo pona'', ''telo musi'', ''telo pi ante lawa'', ''telo pi lawa weka'' |
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|''jan pona'' |
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| jan pona || friend || jan poka, jan olin (for close friends), jan mi |
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|friend |
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|''jan poka'', ''jan olin'' (for close friends), ''jan mi'', ''jan kulupu'', ''jan pi kulupu mi''<br />Any above, replacing ''jan'' (for nonhuman friends) |
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|''jan lili'' |
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| jan lili || child || jan kili (if as in offspring), jan sin (if as in young) |
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|child |
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|''jan kili'', ''jan tan mama'' (as in offspring)<br />''jan sin'', ''jan pi tenpo lili'' (as in youth)<br />Any above, replacing ''jan'' (for nonhuman children) |
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<references /> |
<references /> |
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== Time phrases == |
== Time phrases == |
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{{Hatnote|See: [[Time]]}} |
{{Hatnote|See: [[Time]]}} |
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== Other == |
== Other == |
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!Lexicalized phrase |
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! Phrase !! Meaning !! Alternatives |
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!Meaning |
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!Alternatives |
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|''ma pona'' |
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|the Discord server ''[[ma pona pi toki pona]]'' |
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|''ma ni'', ''ma pi suli nanpa wan'', ''ma pi akesi Jan'' |
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|''jan sin'' |
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|newbie, especially in a ''toki pona'' context |
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|''jan pi kama sona'', ''jan pi open sona'', ''jan pi sona lili''<br />Any above, replacing ''jan'' (for nonhuman newcomers) |
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|''nimi sin''<ref>Often merged into ''[[nimisin]]'', itself a new word.</ref> |
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|word created after ''pu'' or ''ku''<hr />word that would be new to someone who has only read ''pu'' or ''ku'', even if created before |
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|''nimi namako''<ref>Itself using a ''nimi namako''. See [[Synonyms]].</ref>, ''nimi pi pu ala'', ''nimi pi ku ala'', ''nimi nasa'', ''nimi pi kepeken lili'' |
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|''kasi nasa'' |
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|marijuana and its derivatives, such as edibles, vapes |
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|''pana sona'' |
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| pana sona || to teach, teaching, education || mi pana e sona, sina kama sona tan mi |
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|to teach, teaching, education |
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|''mi pana e sona'', ''sina kama sona tan mi'', ''mi tawa sina e sona'', ''sina la mi sama lipu'' |
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|''soweli tomo'' |
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| soweli tomo || pet || soweli pona, soweli poka, soweli mi, soweli jan |
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|pet |
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|''soweli pona'', ''soweli poka'', ''soweli mi'', ''soweli jan'', ''soweli olin'', ''soweli awen''<br />Any above, replacing ''soweli'' with ''akesi'', ''kala'', ''pipi'', ''waso'' (for non–land mammal pets) |
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|''ken la'' |
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|maybe |
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|''lon ken'', ''ni li ken'' |
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|''supa lape'' |
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|bed |
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|''ilo lape'', ''supa ko'', ''supa unpa'' |
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|''kalama musi'' |
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|music |
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