Common lexicalizations: Difference between revisions

no edit summary
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1:
An important part of ''[[toki pona]]'' philosophy is that the speaker must think about what something is at its core before they can talk about it. Fixed phrases for specific things, (also known as [[Lexicalization|lexicalizationslexicalization]])s, are frowned upon, as they sidestep that aspect, while also forcing other speakers to memorize such combinations and making it difficult to use them to refer to other things. Nonetheless, some lexicalizations do creep into common usage. This page aims to catalog them and provide ideas for alternatives (which doesn't mean you shouldn't try to think of your own).
 
Nonetheless, some lexicalizations do creep into common usage. This page aims to catalog them, and provide ideas for alternatives, and inspiration for your own phrasings.
== Featured in ''[[pu]]'' ==
 
== Featured in ''[[pu]]'' ==
{| class="wikitable"
These phrases occur in ''[[pu]]''.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Lexicalized phrase
! Phrase !! Meaning !! Alternatives
!Meaning
!Alternatives
|-
| ''[[toki pona]]''<ref>Same goes for ''[[sitelen pona]]'' and such.</ref> || the language of good by Sonja Lang || toki ni, toki pi jan Sonja, toki lili, toki pi nimi lili
|the Language of Good by [[Sonja Lang]]
|''toki ni'', ''toki lili'', ''toki pi nimi lili'', ''toki pi nimi mute ala'', ''toki pi nimi ale mute'' ([[How many words does toki pona have?|or more]])<br />''toki pi jan Sonja'', ''toki pu'', ''toki tan lipu pu'', ''toki ku''<br />Any above, replacing ''toki'' with ''nasin toki''
|-
| ''tomo tawa''<ref>Funnily enough, ''pu'' uses this as part of a call ''not'' to lexicalize, proposing ''ilo tawa'' from the perspective of a driver and ''kiwen tawa'' from that of a nearly-hit pedestrian.</ref> || car || ilo tawa, poki tawa, soweli ilo
|car
|''ilo tawa'', ''kiwen tawa'', ''poki tawa'', ''supa mute tawa''<br />Any above, replacing ''tawa'' with ''awen'', ''pini'' (when parked, stopped, or braking)<hr />''tomo nasin'', ''poki jan'', ''soweli ilo'', ''mani kiwen''<br />''tomo pi weka ma'', ''tomo pi pana kon ike'', ''tomo pi sike kalama'', ''ilo moli'' (critical)
|-
|''telo nasa''
| telo nasa || alcoholic drink || telo pan, telo ike, telo pona
|alcoholic drink
|''telo pan'', ''telo ike'', ''telo pona'', ''telo musi'', ''telo pi ante lawa'', ''telo pi lawa weka''
|-
|''jan pona''
| jan pona || friend || jan poka, jan olin (for close friends), jan mi
|friend
|''jan poka'', ''jan olin'' (for close friends), ''jan mi'', ''jan kulupu'', ''jan pi kulupu mi''<br />Any above, replacing ''jan'' (for nonhuman friends)
|-
|''jan lili''
| jan lili || child || jan kili (if as in offspring), jan sin (if as in young)
|child
|''jan kili'', ''jan tan mama'' (as in offspring)<br />''jan sin'', ''jan pi tenpo lili'' (as in youth)<br />Any above, replacing ''jan'' (for nonhuman children)
|}
 
<references />
 
== Time phrases ==
 
{{Hatnote|See: [[Time]]}}
 
== Other ==
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Lexicalized phrase
! Phrase !! Meaning !! Alternatives
!Meaning
!Alternatives
|-
|''ma pona''
| ma pona || the Discord server ''[[ma pona pi toki pona]]'' || ma ni, ma pi suli nanpa wan, ma pi akesi Jan
|''ma ni'', ''ma pi suli nanpa wan'', ''ma pi akesi Jan''
|-
|''jan sin''
| jan sin || newbie, especially in a ''toki pona'' context || jan pi kama sona, jan pi sona lili
|''jan pi kama sona'', ''jan pi open sona'', ''jan pi sona lili''<br />Any above, replacing ''jan'' (for nonhuman newcomers)
|-
| ''nimi sin''<ref>Often merged into ''[[nimisin]]'', itself a new word.</ref> || word created after (sometimes even before) ''pu''/''ku'' || nimi namako, nimi pi [pu/ku] ala, nimi nasa
|word created after ''pu'' or ''ku''<hr />word that would be new to someone who has only read ''pu'' or ''ku'', even if created before
|''nimi namako''<ref>Itself using a ''nimi namako''. See [[Synonyms]].</ref>, ''nimi pi pu ala'', ''nimi pi ku ala'', ''nimi nasa'', ''nimi pi kepeken lili''
|-
|''kasi nasa''
| kasi nasa || marijuana and its derivatives such as edibles, vapes || moku nasa, moku pi lawa weka, kasi pi pilin nasa, kasi pi wile moku
|marijuana and its derivatives, such as edibles, vapes
| kasi nasa || marijuana and its derivatives such as edibles, vapes || ''moku nasa'', ''moku pi lawa weka'', ''kasi pi pilin nasa'', ''kasi pi wile moku''
|-
|''pana sona''
| pana sona || to teach, teaching, education || mi pana e sona, sina kama sona tan mi
|to teach, teaching, education
|''mi pana e sona'', ''sina kama sona tan mi'', ''mi tawa sina e sona'', ''sina la mi sama lipu''
|-
|''soweli tomo''
| soweli tomo || pet || soweli pona, soweli poka, soweli mi, soweli jan
|pet
|''soweli pona'', ''soweli poka'', ''soweli mi'', ''soweli jan'', ''soweli olin'', ''soweli awen''<br />Any above, replacing ''soweli'' with ''akesi'', ''kala'', ''pipi'', ''waso'' (for non&ndash;land mammal pets)
|-
| ''ken la || maybe || ni li ken''
|maybe
|''lon ken'', ''ni li ken''
|-
| ''supa lape || bed || ilo lape, supa ko''
|bed
|''ilo lape'', ''supa ko'', ''supa unpa''
|-
|''kalama musi''
| kalama musi || music || musi kalama, kalama nasin, kulupu kalama, kalama pona
|music
|''musi kalama'', ''musi ||kute'', music''kalama ||nasin'', musi''nasin kalama'', ''kalama nasinkulupu'', ''kulupu kalama'', ''kalama pona''
|}
 
<references />