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This is a '''glossary''' of [[grammatical]] terms used on
==A==
;adjective<span id="Adjective" /><span id="adjective" />
:A word that [[#modifier|modifies]] or describes a [[#noun|noun]]. In English, "
;adverb<span id="Adverb" /><span id="adverb" />
:A word that [[#modifier|modifies]] or describes a [[#verb|verb]]. In English, they often end in "-ly"
;ambiguous<span id="Ambiguous" /><span id="ambiguous" />
:{{Main|Vagueness vs. ambiguity}}Of a [[#sentence|sentence]], having [[#syntax|syntax]] that can be interpreted multiple different ways. In English, the sentence "I saw my friend with a telescope." is ambiguous, as "with a telescope" could describe the friend or the action of seeing; either person could have the telescope. Toki Pona's [[Prepositions|prepositions]] often introduce ambiguity.
==C==
;clause<span id="Clause" /><span id="clause" />
:{{Main|Phrases and clauses}}A part of a [[#sentence|sentence]] consisting of a [[#subject|subject]] and [[#predicate|predicate]]. In Toki Pona, the [[#particle|particle]] {{tp|[[la]]}} can join two clauses.
;content word<span id="Content Word" /><span id="Content word" /><span id="content word" />
:{{Main|Content words}}The main type of word in [[Toki Pona]], which can be used as a [[#head|head]] or [[#modifier|modifier]] (and thus like a [[#noun|noun]], [[#verb|verb]], [[#adjective|adjective]], or [[#
==H==
;head<span id="Head" /><span id="head" />
:{{Main|Phrases and clauses}}A word affected by [[#modifier|modifiers]]. In Toki Pona, the first word of a [[#phrase|phrase]] is the head.
==I==
;imperative<span id="Imperative" /><span id="imperative" />
:A grammatical mood that expresses a command or instruction. In English, "Do as I say, not as I do."
;indicative<span id="Indicative" /><span id="indicative" />
:A grammatical mood that describes a real or actual thing. In English, "The cat is cute." is
;intransitive verb<span id="Intransitive Verb" /><span id="Intransitive verb" /><span id="intransitive verb" />
:A [[#verb|verb]] that cannot take a direct [[#object|object]]. In English, the verb "
==M==
;modifier<span id="Modifier" /><span id="modifier" />
:{{Main|Modifiers}}In [[Toki Pona]] grammar, an [[#adjective|adjective]] or [[#adverb|adverb]]. Unlike English, Toki Pona never distinguishes these parts of speech; any word that can modify a [[#noun|noun]] can also modify a [[#verb|verb]], and vice versa.
==N==
;noun<span id="Noun" /><span id="noun" />
:A word that names a person, place, or thing. "Fish" and "tree" are common nouns; "Oklahoma" is a [[#proper noun|proper noun]]. In Toki Pona, [[#content word|content words]] in many [[#head|head]] positions may be called nouns.
==O==
;object<span id="Object" /><span id="object" />
:{{Needs work|indirect object, comparison of direct vs. indirect objects|entry}}The thing(s) to which the action of the [[#sentence|sentence]] is done. In English, in the sentence "
;optative<span id="Optative" /><span id="optative" />
:A grammatical mood that expresses a wish, hope, or desire. In English, "The children should do their homework." is
==P==
;particle<span id="Particle" /><span id="particle" />
:{{Main|Particles}}A word
;phrase<span id="Phrase" /><span id="phrase" />
:{{Main|Phrases and clauses}}A group of consecutive words consisting of a [[#head|head]] and [[#modifier|modifiers]].
;predicate<span id="Predicate" /><span id="predicate" />
:The part of a [[#sentence|sentence]] that includes a [[#verb|verb]] and sometimes [[#object|objects]]. In the sentence "The human looks at the tree", "looks at the tree" is the predicate. In Toki Pona, the predicate is marked with the [[#particle|particle]] {{tp|[[li]]}} or sometimes {{tp|[[o]]}}. Contrast [[#subject|subject]].
;preposition<span id="Preposition" /><span id="preposition" />
:{{Main|Prepositions}}A word that describes a [[#noun|noun]]'s relationship to the rest of the [[#sentence|sentence]] in time or space. In English, "
;preverb<span id="Preverb" /><span id="preverb" />
:{{Main|Preverbs}}A [[#verb|verb]] that accompanies the main verb to make distinctions in grammatical mood or aspect; an auxiliary (helping) verb.
;proper adjective<span id="Proper Adjective" /><span id="Proper adjective" /><span id="proper adjective" />
:{{Main|Names}}In [[Toki Pona]] grammar, an [[#adjective|adjective]] that [[name]]s a specific or definite thing, equivalent to a [[#proper noun|proper noun]] but requiring a [[
;proper noun<span id="Proper Noun" /><span id="Proper noun" /><span id="proper noun" />
:A [[#noun|noun]] that names a specific or definite thing. Personal names and names of places are usually proper nouns. In English, "Preston", "Europe", and "Mount Everest" are
==S==
;
:{{Main|Semantic space}}The "meaning" of a word. Semantics is concerned with the possible alternative words that could occupy a single position in a [[#sentence|sentence]]. Contrast [[#syntax|syntax]].
;semiparticle<span id="Semi-particle" /><span id="semiparticle" />
:In Toki Pona grammar, a word that can be used as a [[particle]] to modify the syntax of a [[#sentence|sentence]], but which also has a [[semantic space]] and can be used as a [[#content word|content word]].
;sentence<span id="Sentence" /><span id="sentence" />
:A group of words that contain a [[#subject|subject]] and a [[#predicate|predicate]]. In English, "Dogs chase cats." is a sentence. "Apple pie" is not; it is a sentence fragment, and more specifically a [[#phrase|phrase]].
;subject<span id="Subject" /><span id="subject" />
:The main actor or actors in a [[#sentence|sentence]]. In the sentence "I read the book," the word "I" is the subject. In Toki Pona, subjects are often unmarked, but multiple subjects are joined with the [[#particle|particle]] {{tp|[[en]]}}. Contrast [[#predicate|predicate]].
;syntax<span id="Syntax" /><span id="syntax" />
:The position of words in a [[#sentence|sentence]] or phrase. Often words are categorized by the kinds of positions they can occupy in a sentence, or what words they can appear next to. Contrast [[#semantic (value)|semantic (value)]].
==T==
;transitive verb<span id="Transitive Verb" /><span id="Transitive verb" /><span id="transitive verb" />
:{{Main|Transitivity}}A [[#verb|verb]] that takes a direct [[#object|object]]. In English, the verb "
==V==
;vague<span id="Vague" /><span id="vague" />
:{{Main|Vagueness vs. ambiguity}}Broad and unclear; not specific or precise. Most Toki Pona words cover a wide [[semantic space]], so their individual meanings are often vaguer than words in other languages.
;verb<span id="Verb" /><span id="verb" />
:A word that names an action. In English, "
;vocative<span id="Vocative" /><span id="vocative" />
:A form of a [[#noun|noun]] used to call to or address something or someone. In
==See also==
*{{wt|Appendix:Glossary}} on Wiktionary
*[[List of English words from Toki Pona]]
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