Personal pronouns: Difference between revisions
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The '''personal pronouns''' in [[Toki Pona]] are '''{{tp|mi}}''' (first-person), '''{{tp|sina}}''' (second-person), and '''{{tp|ona}}''' (third-person). In terms of morphology and syntax, pronouns act the same as any other [[content word]]. |
The '''personal pronouns''' in [[Toki Pona]] are '''{{tp|[[mi]]}}''' (first-person), '''{{tp|[[sina]]}}''' (second-person), and '''{{tp|[[ona]]}}''' (third-person). In terms of morphology and syntax, pronouns act the same as any other [[content word]]. |
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==Etymology== |
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The word {{tp|mi}} is derived from {{w|Esperanto}} ''{{lang|eo|mi}}'', itself from the third-person oblique pronoun in Romance and Germanic languages, and English ''me''; {{tp|sina}} from {{w|Finnish language|Finnish}} ''{{lang|fi|sinä}}'', meaning "you";<ref name="etym">{{cite etym}}</ref> and {{tp|ona}} from {{w|Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian}} ''{{lang|hr|ona}}'' / {{lang|rs|она}}, meaning "she".<ref>{{tok|jan inwin}}. [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1t-pjAgZDyKPXcCRnEdATFQOxGbQFMjZm-8EvXiQd2Po/edit?usp=sharing {{tok|nimi ale pona}} (2nd ed.)]. ''Google Sheets''. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</ref> |
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==Number== |
==Number== |
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When used as modifiers, personal pronouns almost always imply possession: |
When used as modifiers, personal pronouns almost always imply possession: |
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{{Example|ijo <mark>mi</mark>|<mark>my</mark> stuff<br/><mark>our</mark> stuff}} |
{{Example|ijo <mark>mi</mark>|<mark>my</mark> stuff<br /><mark>our</mark> stuff}} |
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{{Example|ijo <mark>sina</mark>|<mark>your</mark> stuff}} |
{{Example|ijo <mark>sina</mark>|<mark>your</mark> stuff}} |
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{{Example|ijo <mark>ona</mark>|<mark>their</mark> stuff}} |
{{Example|ijo <mark>ona</mark>|<mark>their</mark> stuff}} |
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==Distinction== |
==Distinction== |
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Pronouns are not marked for |
Pronouns are not marked for [[gender]]. One can narrow down the referent of a pronoun by using any quality as a modifier. |
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{{Example|ona jelo|the yellow one(s) of them}} |
{{Example|ona jelo|the yellow one(s) of them}} |
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{{Main|mi li and sina li}} |
{{Main|mi li and sina li}} |
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If the [[subject]] of a [[sentence]] is only {{tp|mi}} or only {{tp|sina}}, the particle {{tp|[[li]]}}, |
If the [[subject]] of a [[sentence]] is only {{tp|mi}} or only {{tp|sina}}, then the particle {{tp|[[li]]}}, which would usually follow it, is dropped. |
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{{Example|mi pona. ijo mi <mark>li</mark> pona.}} |
{{Example|mi pona. ijo mi <mark>li</mark> pona.}} |
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{{Hatnote|See also: [[ona vs. ni|{{tp|ona}} vs. {{tp|ni}}]]}} |
{{Hatnote|See also: [[ona vs. ni|{{tp|ona}} vs. {{tp|ni}}]]}} |
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Apart from personal pronouns, the words {{tp|[[ni]]}} ("this, that") and {{tp|[[seme]]}} ("what") also are {{w|pronoun}}s, as they stand in for a content word or phrase. |
Apart from personal pronouns, the words {{tp|[[ni]]}} ("this, that") and {{tp|[[seme]]}} ("what") also are {{w|pronoun}}s, as they stand in for a content word or [[phrase]]. |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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<references group="lower-alpha"/> |
<references group="lower-alpha" /> |
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[[Category:Parts of speech]] |
[[Category:Parts of speech]] |
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