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Phonotactics: Difference between revisions
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* '''No adjacent nasals.'''
*: In sequences like {{tp|*anna}} and {{tp|*anma}}, the first syllable's coda {{tp|-n}} would {{wp|Assimilation (phonology)|assimilate}} to the second syllable's onset nasal: respectively {{tp|ana}} and {{tp|ama}}.<ref group="lower-alpha">Assimilation of coda {{tp|-n}} is also responsible for words like {{tp|anpa}} sometimes being pronounced like {{IPA|[ampa]}}, and words like {{tp|enko}} (an obscure {{tp|nimisin}}) being pronounced like {{IPA|[eŋko]}}.<br />As a result, coda {{tp|-n}} is sometimes defined as {{IPA|[m ~ n ~ ŋ]}}, unlike onset {{tp|n-}} which is strictly {{IPA|[n]}}.</ref>
==Palatalization==
{{tp|*ti}} is disallowed because of {{wp|Palatalization (sound change)|palatalization}}, a common sound shift that has occurred in many languages. An English example is the suffix "-tion", as in "motion". The {{IPA|/ti/}} has been palatalized to {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, so it sounds like "-sion" as in "mission". For the same reason, {{tp|*ti}} is changed to {{tp|si}}.
Because {{IPA|/k/}} can also be palatalized<ref group="lower-alpha">This is why the letter C, originally {{IPA|/k/}}, now has soft and hard sounds.</ref>, many languages merge {{IPA|[ki ti si]}}. There are no {{tp|ki–si}} minimal pairs in the 120 {{tp|[[nimi pu]]}}, and among all [[ijo Linku#Word usage surveys|commonly used words]], only {{tp|kin}} can be mistaken for {{tp|sin}}.
=={{tp|wuwojiti}}==
<div style="float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;">
{|class="wikitable"
!Disallowed<br />syllable
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</div>
'''{{tp|wuwojiti}}''' is a mnemonic for the disallowed syllables in [[Toki Pona]] phonotactics: {{tp|*wu}}, {{tp|*wo}}, {{tp|*ji}}, {{tp|*ti}}, and their equivalents with coda {{tp|-n}}. Some less common {{tp|nimisin}} flout this rule, often as a joke.
==Syllables==
This is a chart of every syllable under Toki Pona phonotactics.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!{{tp|∅}}
!rowspan="10" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em;text-orientation:sideways;transform:rotate(0.5turn);width:1.6em;writing-mode:vertical-rl;"|Null coda
|style="width:2em;"|{{tp|a}}||style="width:2em;"|{{tp|e}}||style="width:2em;"|{{tp|i}}||style="width:2em;"|{{tp|o}}||style="width:2em;"|{{tp|u}}
!rowspan="10" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em;text-orientation:sideways;transform:rotate(0.5turn);width:1.6em;writing-mode:vertical-rl;"|Coda {{tp|-n}}<ref group="lower-alpha">Syllables with coda {{tp|-n}} are 2 {{wp|Mora (linguistics)|morae}}.</ref>
|style="width:2em;"|{{tp|an}}||style="width:2em;"|{{tp|en}}||style="width:2em;"|{{tp|in}}||style="width:2em;"|{{tp|on}}||style="width:2em;"|{{tp|un}}
|-
!{{tp|j}}
|{{tp|ja}}||{{tp|je}}||style="background:#ececec;"|–||{{tp|jo}}||{{tp|ju}}
|{{tp|jan}}||{{tp|jen}}||style="background:#ececec;"|–||{{tp|jon}}||{{tp|jun}}
|-
!{{tp|k}}
|{{tp|ka}}||{{tp|ke}}||{{tp|ki}}||{{tp|ko}}||{{tp|ku}}
|{{tp|kan}}||{{tp|ken}}||{{tp|kin}}||{{tp|kon}}||{{tp|kun}}
|-
!{{tp|l}}
|{{tp|la}}||{{tp|le}}||{{tp|li}}||{{tp|lo}}||{{tp|lu}}
|{{tp|lan}}||{{tp|len}}||{{tp|lin}}||{{tp|lon}}||{{tp|lun}}
|-
!{{tp|m}}
|{{tp|ma}}||{{tp|me}}||{{tp|mi}}||{{tp|mo}}||{{tp|mu}}
|{{tp|man}}||{{tp|men}}||{{tp|min}}||{{tp|mon}}||{{tp|mun}}
|-
!{{tp|n}}
|{{tp|na}}||{{tp|ne}}||{{tp|ni}}||{{tp|no}}||{{tp|nu}}
|{{tp|nan}}||{{tp|nen}}||{{tp|nin}}||{{tp|non}}||{{tp|nun}}
|-
!{{tp|p}}
|{{tp|pa}}||{{tp|pe}}||{{tp|pi}}||{{tp|po}}||{{tp|pu}}
|{{tp|pan}}||{{tp|pen}}||{{tp|pin}}||{{tp|pon}}||{{tp|pun}}
|-
!{{tp|s}}
|{{tp|sa}}||{{tp|se}}||{{tp|si}}||{{tp|so}}||{{tp|su}}
|{{tp|san}}||{{tp|sen}}||{{tp|sin}}||{{tp|son}}||{{tp|sun}}
|-
!{{tp|t}}
|{{tp|ta}}||{{tp|te}}||style="background:#ececec;"|–||{{tp|to}}||{{tp|tu}}
|{{tp|tan}}||{{tp|ten}}||style="background:#ececec;"|–||{{tp|ton}}||{{tp|tun}}
|-
!{{tp|w}}
|{{tp|wa}}||{{tp|we}}||{{tp|wi}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ececec;"|–
|{{tp|wan}}||{{tp|wen}}||{{tp|win}}||colspan="2" style="background:#ececec;"|–
|}
==Notes==
<references group="lower-alpha" />
{{General}}
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