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{{nimi
| PoS = particle
}}
'''{{tp|li}}''' is a [[particle]] used to introduce the [[predicate]], that is, it separates the [[subject]] from the rest of the sentence.
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==Function==
The particle {{tp|li}} separates the [[subject]] from the [[predicate]]. The predicate can be
{{Example|ona li moku.|They eat.}}
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{{Example|kili li moku.|Fruits are food.}}
{{Example|mi tawa tomo.|I'm going home.}}
When the subject is anything other than the words {{tp|mi}} or {{tp|sina}} alone, it is separated by {{tp|li}}, including when they are acting as a [[modifier]] in a noun phrase.
{{Example|sina en mi li lukin e sitelen tawa.|You and I watch a movie.}}
{{Example|moku mi li lon supa.|My food is on the table.}}
===Multiple predicates===
In order to introduce multiple predicates, the particle {{tp|li}} is repeated.
{{Example|ona li kama li tawa.|They come and go.}}
The book {{lipu pu|en}} says that when multiple predicates are applied to {{tp|mi}} or {{tp|sina}}, a new sentence should start.<ref>{{cite pu|56}}</ref>
{{Example|mi toki. mi moku.|I speak and eat.}}
Some speakers use a second {{tp|li}} in this case. This is referred to as "extended {{tp|li}} style" in
{{Example|mi moku li toki.|I eat and speak.}}
A downside of this method is exemplified in this sentence: it is ambiguous whether {{tp|toki}} is meant to be a predicate or a modifier of {{tp|mi}}.
{{Example|mi moku li toki.|The food-related me is talking.}}
==Dropping after {{tp|mi}} and {{tp|sina}}==
{{Needs work|move [[mi li and sina li#Why no li?|{{tp|mi li}} and {{tp|sina li}} § Why no {{tp|li}}?]] to this section|section}}
Learners sometimes wonder why {{tp|li}} gets added for everything else, but not for {{tp|mi}} and {{tp|sina}}. Because the underlying confusion, or curiosity, can have different causes, there are many possible answers.
Etymologically speaking, {{tp|li}} is a third-person marker, derived from Esperanto, and it functions similarly to the {{w|Tok Pisin}} particle ''{{lang|tpi|i}}'', which introduces the verb except when the subject is the first- or second-person singular pronouns.<ref name="franklin1980"/><ref name="tung2014"/><ref name="verhaar1991"/>
It is commonly analysed that there is a "hidden" {{tp|li}} after {{tp|mi}} or {{tp|sina}}.
==Misconceptions==
==={{tp|li}} is not "is"===
In his series ''[[12 Days of sona pi toki pona|12 Days of {{tok|sona pi toki pona}}]]'', {{tok|[[jan Misali]]}} introduces the word {{tp|li}} as meaning "is".<ref>{{cite YouTube|id=KTbnGX6G_P4|title=12 Days of {{tok|sona pi toki pona}} Day Two: Sentence Structure|name={{tok|jan Misali}}|date=14 December 2015|channel=jan Misali|handle=HMaster|}}</ref> This has since been corrected in his newer series ''toki pona lessons''.
==References==
<references
<ref name="franklin1980">
Franklin, Karl J. (1980). [https://c-cluster-110.uploads.documents.cimpress.io/v1/uploads/6287ad77-7996-4cbc-8514-3a4fcabfbd29~110/original?tenant=vbu-digital The particles ‘i’ and ‘na’ in Tok Pisin]. ''Kivung''. '''12''' (2): 134-144.
</ref>
<ref name="tung2014">
Tung, Cindy (2014). [https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/lingua/article/view/5419/5049 Grammaticalization in Tok Pisin]. ''Lingua Frankly''. '''2''' (1). {{w|Doi (identifier)|doi}}:[https://doi.org/10.6017/lf.v2i1.5419 10.6017/lf.v2i1.5419]
</ref>
<ref name="verhaar1991">
Verhaar, J. W. M. (1991). [https://benjamins.com/catalog/jpcl.6.2.04ver The Function of I in Tok Pisin]. ''Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages''. '''6''' (2): 231–266. {{w|Doi (identifier)|doi}}:[https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.6.2.04ver 10.1075/jpcl.6.2.04ver].
</ref>
</references>
==External links==
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