anu: Difference between revisions

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{{Main|Questions}}
 
The particle {{tp|anu}} is most commonly used in the phrase {{tp|anu seme}} to form {{w|tag question}}s.{{citation needed|reason=This is true, but to be demonstrated would require a precise statistical analysis.}} This literally means "''or what?"'' and it is one of two ways to form {{w|yes-or-no questions}} in Toki Pona.
 
{{Example
|ona li jan pona <mark>anu seme?</mark>
|They are a good person, aren't they?<br/>Are they a good person?
/>Are they a good person?
|ona li jan-pona <mark>anu seme</mark>
}}
 
===Disjunction===
{{tp|anu}} is used to indicate an alternative among multiple things, either as a question or a statement. It replaces other particles ({{tp|[[en]]}}, {{tp|[[li]]}}, {{tp|[[e]]}}) or any [[preposition]], as when repeating them to introduce another [[subject]], [[predicate]], or [[object]]., Forfor example:
 
'''Introducing another subject:'''
 
{{Example
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}}
 
'''Introducing another predicate:'''
 
{{Example
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}}
 
'''Introducing another direct object:'''
 
{{Example
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}}
 
'''Introducing another prepositional phrase:'''
 
{{Example
|jan li ken musi e ona kepeken toki Inli <mark>anu</mark> toki Nijon <mark>anu</mark> toki Kanse <mark>anu</mark> toki Epanja[...] <mark>anu</mark> toki pona kin a!<ref>{{cite weblipu tenpo|nanpa=toki|title=musi pi alasa sona|author=jan Ke Tami|date=2021|website=lipu tenpo|url=https://wikisource.org/wiki/Lipu_tenpo/nanpa_toki|urldate=2024-02-06}}</ref>
|Folks can play it in English, or in Japanese, or in French, or in Spanish[...] or even in Toki Pona!
|jan li ken musi e ona kepeken toki [INLI]ijo <mark>anuni </mark>li toki [NIJONike] <mark>anu </mark> toki [KANSE] <mark>anu </mark> toki [EPANJA]. . . <mark>anu </mark> toki-pona kin a
}}
 
'''Introducing another modifier:'''
 
{{Example
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{{Example
|ona li ilo <mark>anu</mark> moku <mark>anu seme? </mark><ref>{{cite web|author=jan Pensa|url=https://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/mi-en-waso-Kaka.html|title=mi en waso Kaka en monsuta pi ma kasi|website={{tok|utala musi pi ma pona}}|date=2023-07-15|access-date=2023-11-10}}</ref>
|Is it a tool or food or what?
|ona li ilo <mark>anu </mark> moku <mark>anu seme</mark>
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: {{tp|jan Susan anu jan Lisa li moku e suwi?}}
 
Semi-literally, this sentence reads, Susan or Lisa ate the cookies? In colloquial English, it reads, "Did Susan eat the cookies, or was it Lisa?" As you see, you can't necessarily translate directly from English, especially with {{tp|anu}}. [...]
</blockquote>
 
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|mi kute e mije <mark>anu</mark> meli.
|I hear a man or a woman. (answer to Lesson 7)
|mi kute e mije <mark>anu </mark> meli.
}}
 
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|wile sona nanpa wan li ni: ale li pona <mark>anu</mark> ike?
|The most fundamental question we can ever ask ourselves is whether or not the universe we live in is friendly or hostile. (Quote misattributed to {{w|Albert Einstein}})<ref>{{tok|jan Ke Tami}} (1 November 2023). "{{tok|toki ni li tan ala tan jan Ape Antan?}}". In [https://liputenpo.org/lipu-tenpo-nanpa-sin/ {{tp|lipu tenpo nanpa sin}}] (in Toki Pona). {{tp|lipu tenpo}}. p. 10.</ref>
|wile sona nanpa wan li nini2 :{{idsp}} ale li pona <mark>anu </mark> ike
}}
 
*In the first sentence, {{tp|anu}} is presented as a statement. It might still act as a kind of chioce and could in some way work as a question. While in the second sentence, {{tp|anu}} is presented as a question. It is not clear whether {{tp|anu}} is responsible for forming this question, or if the phrase {{tp|wile sona}} is. That sentence is also not question in the English translation. Although this arises out of the reformulation of format. A literal translation may include a question: "the foremost question is this: is the universe good or bad?"
'''Possible analyses:'''
* In the first sentence, {{tp|anu}} is presented as a statement. It might still act as a kind of chioce and could in some way work as a question.
* While in the second sentence, {{tp|anu}} is presented as a question. It is not clear whether {{tp|anu}} is responsible for forming this question, or if the phrase {{tp|wile sona}} is. That sentence is also not question in the English translation. Although this arises out of the reformulation of format. A literal translation may include a question: "the foremost question is this: is the universe good or bad?"
{{End section}}