anu: Difference between revisions

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=={{tp|pu}} usageDefinitions==
In the book {{pu|en}}, the word {{tp|anu}} is defined, but not explained outside of its role in [[Questions#anu|{{tp|anu seme}} tag questions]]. The book only provides 2 sentences containing {{tp|anu}} without {{tp|anu seme}}:
 
==={{tp|pu}}===
{{Example
In the "[[Dictionary (pu)|Official Toki Pona Dictionary]]" section, the book {{pu|en}} defines {{tp|awen}} as:
|mi kute e mije anu meli.
|I hear a man or a woman. (answer to Lesson 7)
}}
 
{{pu def}}
{{Example
|wile sona nanpa wan li ni: ale li pona anu ike?
|The most fundamental question we can ever ask ourselves is whether or not the universe we live in is friendly or hostile. (Quote misattributed to {{w|Albert Einstein}})
}}
 
===Possible analyses{{tp|ku}}===
For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|awen}}:<ref>{{cite ku|203}}</ref>
* In the first sentence, {{tp|anu}} is presented as a statement. It might still act as a kind of chioce and could in some way work as a question.
 
* While in the second sentence, {{tp|anu}} is presented as a question. It is not clear whether {{tp|anu}} is responsible for forming this question, or if the phrase {{tp|wile sona}} is. That sentence is also not question in the English translation. Although this arises out of the reformulation of format. A literal translation may include a question: "the foremost question is this: is the universe good or bad?"
{{ku data}}
 
==History==
 
===Pre-{{tp|pu}} usage===
{{Historical|
The usage of {{tp|anu}} to form questions without {{tp|seme}} was widespread before the publication of {{tp|pu}}.
 
Line 72 ⟶ 68:
 
{{tp|anu}} was also used to make statements. In the learning course [[Toki Pona in 76 illustrated lessons]] ({{w|Spanish language|Spanish}}: ''{{lang|es|Toki pona en 76 lecciones ilustradas}}''), the usage of {{tp|anu}} was taught in statements and questions side by side, distinguished only by the presence of a question mark or a period.<ref>Cárdenas, Eliazar Parra (2009). [https://archive.org/details/toki-pona-in-76-lessons/page/n38/mode/1up toki pona in 76 illustrated lessons]. ''Internet Archive''.</ref>
 
==={{tp|pu}} usage===
In the book {{pu|en}}, the word {{tp|anu}} is defined, but not explained outside of its role in [[Questions#anu|{{tp|anu seme}} tag questions]]. The book only provides 2two sentences containing {{tp|anu}} without using {{tp|anu seme}}:.
 
{{Example
|mi kute e mije anu meli.
|I hear a man or a woman. (answer to Lesson 7)
}}
 
{{Example
|wile sona nanpa wan li ni: ale li pona anu ike?
|The most fundamental question we can ever ask ourselves is whether or not the universe we live in is friendly or hostile. (Quote misattributed to {{w|Albert Einstein}})<ref>{{tok|jan Ke Tami}} (1 November 2023). "{{tok|toki ni li tan ala tan jan Ape Antan?}}". In [https://liputenpo.org/lipu-tenpo-nanpa-sin/ {{tp|lipu tenpo nanpa sin}}] (in Toki Pona). {{tp|lipu tenpo}}. p. 10.</ref>
}}
 
'''Possible analyses:'''
* In the first sentence, {{tp|anu}} is presented as a statement. It might still act as a kind of chioce and could in some way work as a question.
* While in the second sentence, {{tp|anu}} is presented as a question. It is not clear whether {{tp|anu}} is responsible for forming this question, or if the phrase {{tp|wile sona}} is. That sentence is also not question in the English translation. Although this arises out of the reformulation of format. A literal translation may include a question: "the foremost question is this: is the universe good or bad?"
 
==Experimental usages==
Line 108 ⟶ 120:
* {{tok|jan Pije}}: [http://web.archive.org/web/20200427220238/http://tokipona.net/tp/janpije/okamasona12.php Lesson 12] (maintained from 2003 to mid 2010s)
* 76 Illustrated Lessons: [https://archive.org/details/toki-pona-in-76-lessons/page/n38/mode/1up Lesson 63] (original published in 2004, English translation in 2009)
 
===Dictionaries===
* {{R:Linku}}
* {{R:Wikipesija}}
* {{R:Wiktionary}}
{{Words}}