nasin sitelen kalama: Difference between revisions
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'''{{tp|nasin sitelen kalama}}''' refers to a common method of writing names in {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} which does not rely on spelling out names glyph by glyph. It was created by jan Kumiko of {{tp|kulupu kasi}} as a response to similar, but unmarked systems, which she felt were too unreadable. |
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'''{{tp|nasin sitelen kalama}}''' is a popular alternative method of writing names in {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} based on {{w|Mora (linguistics)|morae}}. It was created by {{tok|jan Pumiko}} of {{tok|kulupu kasi}} as a response to similar, but unmarked systems, which she felt were too unreadable. |
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[[File:nsk.png|thumb|alt=Screenshot from a discord message in sitelen pona: "toki a. mi pali e nasin sitelen sin. ona la sina ken sitelen pona e kalama pi nimi sina. nasin ni li: sitelen nimi wan la o toki e kalama open taso. kalama [nena] li sama nimi n. sitelen [dot] li lon poka pi sitelen nimi la o toki e kulupu open pi nimi ni. kalama [mu dot] li sama nimi mu. sina pana e sitelen [dot] mute la o toki e kulupu kalama ante. nimi [kalama dot dot] li sama nimi kala. sitelen [colon] li lon poka la o toki e ale nimi. nimi [telo colon] li sama nimi telo. nasin ni la sina ken lili e sitelen kalama sina li ken sona pona e ona. -jan Pumiko"|Original message describing nasin sitelen kalama]] |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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[[File:jan Kulumin Sinpin.png|thumb|{{tp|jan Kulumin Sinpin}}, written in {{tp|nasin sitelen kalama |
[[File:jan Kulumin Sinpin.png|thumb|{{tp|jan Kulumin Sinpin}}, written in {{tp|nasin sitelen kalama}}]] |
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The system is primarily based on {{w|Mora (linguistics)|morae}}, a unit of speech similar to a {{w|syllable}}. In the [[moraic analysis]] of Toki Pona, a mora is either a vowel (V), a consonant–vowel pair (CV), or the [[coda n|coda {{tp|-n}}]] (N). For example, the word {{tp|anpa}} is split into the morae {{tp|a-n-pa}}. |
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* This writing system goes with the pu system, where symbols read by their first letter. You can mix these systems! |
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* A '''mora''' is like a '''syllable''', but ends at the vowel because '''-n''' is a mora! '''na n pa''' |
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* Each dot (<code>·</code>) completes the next mora. ['''<u>a</u>'''<span style="opacity:0.5;">npa</span>] → ['''<u>an</u>'''<span style="opacity:0.5;">pa</span>''' · '''] → ['''<u>anpa</u> · · '''] |
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* Colons (<code>:</code>) add the whole word. ['''<u>k</u>'''<span style="opacity:0.5;">epeken</span>] → ['''<u>ke</u>'''<span style="opacity:0.5;">peken</span>''' · '''] → ['''<u>kepe</u>'''<span style="opacity:0.5;">ken</span>''' · · '''] → ['''<u>kepeke</u>'''<span style="opacity:0.5;">n</span>''' · · · '''] → ['''<u>kepeken</u> : '''] |
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* Everything is equally spaced, dots and colons too! |
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* Dots can be replaced by similar symbols, and colons can be replaced by the fullwidth slash. Also, these symbols can go underneath the cartouche’s edges in a certain way of writing to save space. |
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In {{tp|nasin sitelen kalama}}, a word followed by no symbol is read as its first letter, similarly to the system in {{lipu pu}}. Each dot adds another mora. For example: |
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===What is a mora?=== |
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{{Main|Moraic analysis}} |
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:{| |
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In mora-timed languages, there are groups of sounds called morae (plural of “mora”) that are each the same duration. |
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For example, in Japanese, morae can be V, CV, CyV, N (a nasal sound), or Q (a lengthening of the next consonant), and all of these get pronounced with the same duration. |
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| {{sp|jan [pona]}} |
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Most fluent toki pona speakers pronounce toki pona this way{{citation needed|date=2024-02-26}}, where V, CV, and N are morae, meaning that “kon” is pronounced about twice as long as “ko,” and “pan” and “pana” are the same length. |
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| *{{tp|jan P}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [pona ..]}} |
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| {{tp|jan Po}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [pona .. ..]}} |
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| {{tp|jan Pona}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [taso .. pona .. linja .. ..]}} |
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| {{tp|jan Tapolin}} |
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|} |
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If the word starts in a valid mora (i.e. a single vowel), the first dot indicates the next mora. For example: |
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:{| |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [anpa]}} |
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| {{tp|jan A}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [anpa ..]}} |
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| {{tp|jan An}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [anpa .. ..]}} |
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| {{tp|jan Anpa}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [en .. wile ..]}} |
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| {{tp|jan Enwi}} |
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|} |
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{{w|Colon (punctuation)|Colons}} indicate the entire word and is equivalent to dots with the number of morae in the word. For example: |
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:{| |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [kepeken]}} |
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| *{{tp|jan K}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [kepeken ::]}} |
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| {{tp|jan Kepeken}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [pali :: jo ::]}} |
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| {{tp|jan Palijo}} |
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|} |
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In writing, the dots and colons are usually placed in the midline of the text and sometimes with {{w|fullwidth}}. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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=== |
===Previous attempts at syllabic spellings=== |
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Over time, some sitelen pona users began to write their names in more experimental ways. Based on the existing pu way of representing a name by writing a sitelen pona character for each letter in the name inside of a cartouche, these ways |
Over time, some {{tp|sitelen pona}} users began to write their names in more experimental ways. Based on the existing {{tp|pu}} way of representing a name by writing a {{tp|sitelen pona}} character for each letter in the name inside of a cartouche, these ways changed into usually using less characters to write a name. These experimental methods include: |
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* Preferring a glyph to be used syllabically: |
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:{| |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [sitelen sona]}} |
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| {{tp|jan Siso}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|nimi [insa pan telo]}} |
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| {{tp|nimi Inpante}} |
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|} |
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* Impossible sequences of sounds adding sounds based on what the next sound in the sitelen pona character would be: |
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:{| |
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|- |
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| {{sp|jan [sitelen sona ale]}} |
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| *{{tp|jan Ssa}} → {{tp|jan Sisa}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|telo [uta anpa]}} |
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| *{{tp|telo Ua}} → {{tp|telo Uja}} |
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|} |
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* Using different forms to the cartouches to indicate a name that is spelled like a word: |
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:{| |
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| {{sp|kasi {seli}|font=linja lipamanka}} |
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| {{tp|kasi Seli}} |
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|- |
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| {{sp|nimi {insa pan telo}|font=linja lipamanka}} |
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| {{tp|nimi Insa Pan Telo}} / {{tp|nimi Insapantelo}} |
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|} |
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* Characters get combined to form syllables: |
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:{| |
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| {{sp|soweli [kili-awen wile-esun]|font=linja lipamanka}} |
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| {{tp|soweli Kawe}} |
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|} |
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* Preferring a glyph to be used syllabically: {{sp|jan [sitelen sona]}} → jan Siso, {{sp|nimi [insa pan telo]}} → nimi Inpante |
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* Impossible sequences of sounds adding sounds based on what the next sound in the sitelen pona character would be: {{sp|jan [sitelen sona ale]}} → jan Ssa → jan Sisa, {{sp|telo [uta anpa]}} → telo Ua → telo Uja, {{sp|nimi [insa pan ale]}} → nimi Ipa |
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* Using different forms to the cartouches to signify a name that is spelled like a word: {{sp|kasi {seli<nowiki>}</nowiki>}} → kasi Seli, {{sp|nimi {insa pan telo<nowiki>}</nowiki>}} → nimi Insa Pan Telo (or nimi Insapantelo) |
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* Characters get combined to form syllables: {{sp|soweli [kili-awen wile-esun]}} → soweli Kawe |
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None of these were solidified and virtually all of them were met with confusion by others for a number of reasons. For example, forming cartouches differently is just something that happens in handwriting and isn't really enough to mark the cartouche as having a different system; unmarked systems are largely backwards-incompatible with pu spelling and it's not clear if [insa pan ale] spells out Ipa or Inpana or Insapanale or anything in-between; unexpectedly encountering another system stops reading flow and requires nice knowledge; no one can agree on using the same system |
None of these were solidified and virtually all of them were met with confusion by others for a number of reasons. For example, forming cartouches differently is just something that happens in handwriting and isn't really enough to mark the cartouche as having a different system; unmarked systems are largely backwards-incompatible with pu spelling and it's not clear if [insa pan ale] spells out Ipa or Inpana or Insapanale or anything in-between; unexpectedly encountering another system stops reading flow and requires nice knowledge; no one can agree on using the same system |
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===Creation of {{tp|nasin sitelen kalama}}=== |
===Creation of {{tp|nasin sitelen kalama}}=== |
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[[File:nsk.png|250px|thumb|alt=Screenshot from a discord message in sitelen pona: "toki a. mi pali e nasin sitelen sin. ona la sina ken sitelen pona e kalama pi nimi sina. nasin ni li: sitelen nimi wan la o toki e kalama open taso. kalama [nena] li sama nimi n. sitelen [dot] li lon poka pi sitelen nimi la o toki e kulupu open pi nimi ni. kalama [mu dot] li sama nimi mu. sina pana e sitelen [dot] mute la o toki e kulupu kalama ante. nimi [kalama dot dot] li sama nimi kala. sitelen [colon] li lon poka la o toki e ale nimi. nimi [telo colon] li sama nimi telo. nasin ni la sina ken lili e sitelen kalama sina li ken sona pona e ona. -jan Pumiko"|Original message describing nasin sitelen kalama]] |
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{{Empty}} |
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{{tp|nasin sitelen kalama}} was created by {{tok|jan Pumiko}}, a member of the {{tok|kulupu kasi}} system, in 2022. This was in order to formalize the previous systems. |
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===Adoption=== |
===Adoption=== |
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{{Needs work|scope=section}} |
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In an informal emoji reactions poll on the Discord server ma pona pi toki pona<ref>[https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/828474497865744444/1067795425278562334 link to poll], data from 2023-01-30; 72 responses, of these, 62 reported being able to read sp and 54 reported writing in sitelen pona</ref>, 77.4% of those who can read sitelen pona and 81.5% of those who write in sitelen pona can read nasin sitelen kalama. 54.8% of sp readers and 61.1% of sp writers use it. |
In an informal emoji reactions poll on the Discord server ma pona pi toki pona<ref>[https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/828474497865744444/1067795425278562334 link to poll], data from 2023-01-30; 72 responses, of these, 62 reported being able to read sp and 54 reported writing in sitelen pona</ref>, 77.4% of those who can read sitelen pona and 81.5% of those who write in sitelen pona can read nasin sitelen kalama. 54.8% of sp readers and 61.1% of sp writers use it. |
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==Applications== |
==Applications== |
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[[File:Kijetesantakalu sewi (sitelen pona) - chorus.png|250px|thumb|{{tp|nasin sitelen kalama}} used to indicate morae in the sheet music for {{tp|kijetesantakalu sewi}}]] |
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{{Needs work|Add images instead of formatting|section}} |
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{{tp|nasin sitelen kalama}} can be used to write {{tp|sitelen pona}} lyrics in [[sheet music]] |
{{tp|nasin sitelen kalama}} can be used to write {{tp|sitelen pona}} lyrics in [[sheet music]]. |
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==Criticism and limitations== |
==Criticism and limitations== |
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{{Needs work|scope=section}} |
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* small dots are too easy to mistake for "lili" |
* small dots are too easy to mistake for "lili" |
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* people use it as if it were the new default system, but it's only meant to formalise a way for the people who would otherwise use much worse systems, not to replace or officially expand the sitelen pona cartouches |
* people use it as if it were the new default system, but it's only meant to formalise a way for the people who would otherwise use much worse systems, not to replace or officially expand the sitelen pona cartouches |
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*Cartouches may be [[ambiguous]] on the rare, but feasible, occasion that multiple words share a glyph. Examples include {{spt|[ale ::]}} representing {{tp|Ale}} or {{tp|Ali}}, and, less standardly, the case of [[abbreviation]]s with different pronunciations but unchanged glyphs. |
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*The system is often limited to morae at the start of words since there is no way to start from the middle. Using only the {{tp|[[nimi pu]]}} and {{tp|[[nimi ku suli]]}}, it is not possible to write {{tp|ju}}, and {{tp|nu}} and {{tp|pe}} can only be written after certain other morae: {{tp|[[anu]]}}, {{tp|kepe}} (from {{tp|[[kepeken]]}}), {{tp|[[lape]]}}, and {{tp|ope}} (from {{tp|[[open]]}}). In many similar cases, the system is reliant on the [[phonotactic]]ally questionable word {{tp|[[n]]}}, because the moraic {{tp|n}} cannot be taken from the start of any other ([[nja|non-obscure]]) word glyph without also taking the vowel. These issues are not present in the proposed {{tp|[[nasin sitelen kalama pi linja lili]]}}. |
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*Cartouches may be [[ambiguous]] on the rare, but feasible, occasion that multiple words share a glyph. Examples include {{spt|[]}} representing {{tp|Ale}} or {{tp|Ali}}, and, less standardly, the case of [[abbreviation]]s with different pronunciations but unchanged glyphs. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{SP nav}} |
{{SP nav}} |
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[[Category:sitelen pona]] |
[[Category:sitelen pona]] |
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[[Category:Styles of |
[[Category:Styles of speech]] |
Latest revision as of 16:56, 29 May 2024
Part of a series on |
Features |
Usage |
nasin sitelen kalama is a popular alternative method of writing names in sitelen pona based on morae. It was created by jan Pumiko of kulupu kasi as a response to similar, but unmarked systems, which she felt were too unreadable.
Description[edit | edit source]
The system is primarily based on morae, a unit of speech similar to a syllable. In the moraic analysis of Toki Pona, a mora is either a vowel (V), a consonant–vowel pair (CV), or the coda -n (N). For example, the word anpa is split into the morae a-n-pa.
In nasin sitelen kalama, a word followed by no symbol is read as its first letter, similarly to the system in pu. Each dot adds another mora. For example:
jan [pona] *jan P jan [pona ..] jan Po jan [pona .. ..] jan Pona jan [taso .. pona .. linja .. ..] jan Tapolin
If the word starts in a valid mora (i.e. a single vowel), the first dot indicates the next mora. For example:
jan [anpa] jan A jan [anpa ..] jan An jan [anpa .. ..] jan Anpa jan [en .. wile ..] jan Enwi
Colons indicate the entire word and is equivalent to dots with the number of morae in the word. For example:
jan [kepeken] *jan K jan [kepeken ::] jan Kepeken jan [pali :: jo ::] jan Palijo
In writing, the dots and colons are usually placed in the midline of the text and sometimes with fullwidth.
History[edit | edit source]
Previous attempts at syllabic spellings[edit | edit source]
Over time, some sitelen pona users began to write their names in more experimental ways. Based on the existing pu way of representing a name by writing a sitelen pona character for each letter in the name inside of a cartouche, these ways changed into usually using less characters to write a name. These experimental methods include:
- Preferring a glyph to be used syllabically:
jan [sitelen sona] jan Siso nimi [insa pan telo] nimi Inpante
- Impossible sequences of sounds adding sounds based on what the next sound in the sitelen pona character would be:
jan [sitelen sona ale] *jan Ssa → jan Sisa telo [uta anpa] *telo Ua → telo Uja
- Using different forms to the cartouches to indicate a name that is spelled like a word:
kasi {seli} kasi Seli nimi {insa pan telo} nimi Insa Pan Telo / nimi Insapantelo
- Characters get combined to form syllables:
soweli [kili-awen wile-esun] soweli Kawe
None of these were solidified and virtually all of them were met with confusion by others for a number of reasons. For example, forming cartouches differently is just something that happens in handwriting and isn't really enough to mark the cartouche as having a different system; unmarked systems are largely backwards-incompatible with pu spelling and it's not clear if [insa pan ale] spells out Ipa or Inpana or Insapanale or anything in-between; unexpectedly encountering another system stops reading flow and requires nice knowledge; no one can agree on using the same system
Creation of nasin sitelen kalama[edit | edit source]
nasin sitelen kalama was created by jan Pumiko, a member of the kulupu kasi system, in 2022. This was in order to formalize the previous systems.
Adoption[edit | edit source]
In an informal emoji reactions poll on the Discord server ma pona pi toki pona[1], 77.4% of those who can read sitelen pona and 81.5% of those who write in sitelen pona can read nasin sitelen kalama. 54.8% of sp readers and 61.1% of sp writers use it.
Applications[edit | edit source]
nasin sitelen kalama can be used to write sitelen pona lyrics in sheet music.
Criticism and limitations[edit | edit source]
- small dots are too easy to mistake for "lili"
- people use it as if it were the new default system, but it's only meant to formalise a way for the people who would otherwise use much worse systems, not to replace or officially expand the sitelen pona cartouches
- Cartouches may be ambiguous on the rare, but feasible, occasion that multiple words share a glyph. Examples include [ale ::] representing Ale or Ali, and, less standardly, the case of abbreviations with different pronunciations but unchanged glyphs.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ link to poll, data from 2023-01-30; 72 responses, of these, 62 reported being able to read sp and 54 reported writing in sitelen pona
Features | Words · Combined glyphs · Extended glyphs · Radicals · nasin sitelen kalama (pi linja lili) |
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Usage | History · Literature · Fonts (Guidelines) · UCSUR · ASCII · Wakalito |