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Line 1: {{nimi ~~== Uses of o ==~~ \| PoS = particle ~~1) replaces sina and li, goes directly before the verb~~ }} ~~and turns it into an imperative~~ '''{{tp\|o}}''' is a [[particle]] used to express desires and wishes, as well as to call out to a listener. ~~e.x. : o tawa 'Go!'~~ ~~2) Follows a name or noun to mark it as vocative and directly address said name.~~ ==Functions== ~~e.x.: jan Mona o sina pilin seme? 'Mona, how are you?"~~ ~~A comma often follows the o in this instance.~~ ===Imperative and optative=== ~~3) Replaces li and follows subject, or comes after mi~~ {{tp\|o}} is used to indicate an {{w\|imperative mood\|imperative}}, expressing a command or instruction. In this case, the particle {{tp\|[[li]]}} is replaced by {{tp\|o}} and the [[subject]] may optionally be ommited. Unlike {{tp\|li}}, the particle {{tp\|o}} can be used following {{tp\|[[mi]]}} or {{tp\|[[sina]]}}. ~~and sina before the verb to express wishes, recommendations, desires, requests, etc.~~ ~~e.x. mi o tawa 'Let's go!"~~ {{Example ~~e.x.2: sina o pona sijelo "May you become well'~~ \|o kama sona e toki pona! \|Learn Toki Pona! \|o kama sona e toki-pona }} {{Example \|o pakala ala e ijo mi! \|Do not break my things! \|o pakala ala e ijo mi }} {{tp\|o}} is also used to indicate an {{w\|optative mood}}, expressing a wish or hope. In many cases, it can be translated with "should" or with sentences starting with "may". In some cases it is used to express "must" or "have to", a meaning that is traditionally covered by {{tp\|[[wile]]}}. {{Example\|mi o lape.\|I should sleep. (i.e. It would be better if I went to sleep)}} {{Example\|sijelo sina o kama pona.\|May your body become good/healthy. (i.e. I wish for your body to become healthy)<br>I hope you get better!}} ===Vocative=== {{tp\|o}}, following a word or phrase, indicates a {{w\|vocative phrase}}, expressing that the speaker is addressing that person, place, or thing. The phrase may either go before or after the rest of the sentence. {{Example \|toki, jan ale o! \|Hi, everybody! \|toki {{idsp}} jan-ale o }} {{Example \|soweli mi o, sina moku e lipu mi tan seme? \|Doggo, why did you eat my homework? \|soweli mi o {{idsp}} sina moku e lipu mi tan seme }} If {{tp\|o}} comes before the addressee instead, it becomes a command to <em>be</em> or <em>personify</em> them. For example, {{tp\|o jan ale!}} means "Be everyone!" and {{tp\|o soweli mi!}} means "Be my pet!" Combining both imperative and vocative phrases together can be expressed with a single {{tp\|o}}: {{Example \|jan Alu o kama! \|Come, {{tok\|Alu}}! \|jan [ale luka uta] o kama }} Alternatively, they may be separated:{{citation needed\|reason=Unsure if this is an alternative method or a ungrammatical method.}} {{Example \|jan Alu o, o kama! \|Come, {{tok\|Alu}}! \|jan [ale luka uta] o {{idsp}} o kama }} ==Definitions== ==={{tp\|ku}}=== For {{ku\|en}}, respondents in {{tp\|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp\|o}}:<ref>{{cite ku\|304}}</ref> {{ku data}} ==History== {{Start section\|Historical}} Some speakers, such as {{tok\|jan Kipo}} (John Clifford), preferred using the particle {{tp\|o}} as sentence-initial particle instead of it substituting {{tp\|li}} or another similar particle.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/stefichjo/toki-pona/blob/master/kipo.md\|title=Dialectal Toki Pona (KIPO)\|website=GitHub\|author=Stephan Schneider ({{tok\|jan Tepan}})\|date=2015}}</ref> Nowadays this is considered nonstandard. {{Example \|o ona li lape pona. \|Let her rest well. }} {{End section}} =={{tp\|sitelen pona}}== The {{tp\|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp\|o}} ({{UCSUR char\|{{codepoint\|o}}}}) is composed of the [[Radicals\|punctuation stem]] and the lowercase Latin letter ''O''. The punctuation stem can be drawn upright ({{sp\|1=<span style="font-feature-settings:'ss16';">o</span>\|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}}) or at a diagonal ({{sp\|1=<span style="font-feature-settings:'ss17';">o</span>\|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}}). Compare the glyphs for {{tp\|[[a]]}}, {{tp\|[[kin]]}}, and {{tp\|[[n]]}}. =={{tp\|sitelen sitelen}}== {{Empty}} <!--The {{tp\|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp\|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss\|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….--> ==References== <references/> ==Further reading== ===Resources=== * {{lipu pu\|en}}: Lesson 10 * {{tok\|jan Kekan San}}: [https://mun.la/sona/o.html Instructions with {{tok\|o}}] * {{tok\|jan Lentan}}: [https://lipu-sona.pona.la/7.html Lesson 7] * {{tok\|jan Misali}}: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZpA_XA5FmU tokiponization (toki pona lesson three)] * {{tok\|soweli Tesa}}: [https://lipu-sona.kittycat.homes/en/o Lesson 13] * {{tp\|nasin toki pona}}: [https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-o the particle {{tok\|o}}] * Jonathal Gabel: [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/commands/ Interjections and Commands] ===Dictionaries=== * {{R:Linku}} * {{R:Wikipesija}} * {{R:Wiktionary}} {{Words}} [[Category:Particles]]