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Line 1: ~~{{Needs work\|formatting}}~~ {{nimi \| PoS = particle }} '''{{tp\|[[o]]}}''' is a [[particle]] ~~in Toki Pona~~ used to ~~form~~express ~~[[optative]],~~desires and ~~[[vocative]]~~wishes, ~~and~~as ~~[[imperative]]~~well ~~phrases~~as ~~and~~to call out ~~[[sentence]]s~~to a listener. ==Functions== ===Imperative and optative=== {{tp\|o}} is used to indicate an {{w\|imperative mood\|imperative}}, expressing a command or instruction. In this case, the particle {{tp\|[[li]]}} is replaced by {{tp\|o}} and the [[subject]] may optionally be ommited. Unlike {{tp\|li}}, the particle {{tp\|o}} can be used following {{tp\|[[mi]]}} or {{tp\|[[sina]]}}. ~~{{tp\|[[o]]}} can be followed by a verb, in which case the sentence is interpreted as a command. The [[Glossary#subject\|subject]] of the sentence is ommited.~~ {{Example~~\|o kama!\|Come!}}~~ \|o kama sona e toki pona! {{Example\|o pakala ala e ijo mi!\|Do not break my things!}}▼ \|Learn Toki Pona! \|o kama sona e toki-pona }} {{Example \|o pakala ala e ijo mi! ▲~~{{Example\|o pakala ala e ijo mi!~~\|Do not break my things!}} \|o pakala ala e ijo mi }} {{tp\|[[o]]}} ~~can~~is ~~replace~~also ~~{{tp\|[[li]]}}~~used to indicate ~~that~~an ~~the~~{{w\|optative ~~speaker~~mood}}, ~~wishes~~expressing ora ~~hopes for something,~~wish or ~~believes~~hope. ~~that it's better for something to be the case.~~ In many cases, it can be translated with "should" or with sentences starting with "may". In some cases it is used to express "must" or "have to", a meaning that is traditionally covered by {{tp\|[[wile]]}}.▼ {{Example\|mi ~~<u>~~o~~</u>~~ lape.\|I ~~<u>~~should~~</u>~~ sleep. (i.e. It would be better if I gowent to sleep)}}▼ {{Example\|sijelo sina ~~<u>~~o~~</u>~~ kama pona.\|~~<u>~~May~~</u>~~ your body become good/healthy. (i.e. I wish for your body to become healthy)<br>I ~~<u>~~hope~~</u>~~ you get better!}}▼ ===Vocative=== {{tp\|[[o]]}}, ~~can~~following ~~follow~~a word or phrase, indicates a ~~[[Glossary#noun~~{{w\|~~noun]]~~vocative tophrase}}, ~~show~~expressing that the speaker is addressing that person, place, or thing. The ~~vocative~~ phrase ~~can go~~may either ~~at the~~go ~~start~~before or after the ~~end~~rest of athe sentence. {{Example~~\|toki, jan ale o!\|Hi, everybody!}}~~ \|toki, jan ale o! {{Example\|soweli mi o, sina moku e lipu mi tan seme?\|Doggo, why did you eat my homework?}}▼ \|Hi, everybody! \|toki {{idsp}} jan-ale o }} {{Example ▲~~{{Example~~\|soweli mi o, sina moku e lipu mi tan seme?~~\|Doggo, why did you eat my homework?}}~~ \|Doggo, why did you eat my homework? \|soweli mi o {{idsp}} sina moku e lipu mi tan seme }} If {{tp\|o}} comes before the addressee instead, it becomes a command to <em>be</em> or <em>personify</em> them. For example, {{tp\|o jan ale!}} means "Be everyone!" and {{tp\|o soweli mi!}} means "Be my pet!" ~~===Optative===~~ ▲{{tp\|[[o]]}} can replace {{tp\|[[li]]}} to indicate that the speaker wishes or hopes for something, or believes that it's better for something to be the case. In many cases, it can be translated with "should" or with sentences starting with "may". In some cases it is used to express "must" or "have to", a meaning that is traditionally covered by {{tp\|[[wile]]}}. Combining both imperative and vocative phrases together can be expressed with a single {{tp\|o}}: ~~{{tp\|[[o]]}} can be used with {{tp\|[[mi]]}} and {{tp\|[[sina]]}}, in which case it comes immediately after the [[Glossary#pronoun\|pronoun]] and before the [[Glossary#predicate\|predicate]].~~ {{Example ▲{{Example\|mi <u>o</u> lape.\|I <u>should</u> sleep. (i.e. It would be better if I go to sleep)}} \|jan Alu o kama! ▲{{Example\|sijelo sina <u>o</u> kama pona.\|<u>May</u> your body become good/healthy. (i.e. I wish for your body to become healthy)<br>I <u>hope</u> you get better!}} \|Come, {{tok\|Alu}}! \|jan [ale luka uta] o kama }} Alternatively, they may be separated:{{citation needed\|reason=Unsure if this is an alternative method or a ungrammatical method.}} Optative constructions can also be used to combine imperative and vocative meanings into one sentence. For example, if you want to address someone called Moja and tell them to come, "{{tp\|jan Moja o kama}}" is more commonly used than "{{tp\|jan Moja o, o kama}}". {{Example ~~==External links==~~ \|jan Alu o, o kama! \|Come, {{tok\|Alu}}! \|jan [ale luka uta] o {{idsp}} o kama }} ==Definitions== ==={{tp\|ku}}=== For {{ku\|en}}, respondents in {{tp\|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp\|o}}:<ref>{{cite ku\|304}}</ref> {{ku data}} ==History== {{Start section\|Historical}} Some speakers, such as {{tok\|jan Kipo}} (John Clifford), preferred using the particle {{tp\|o}} as sentence-initial particle instead of it substituting {{tp\|li}} or another similar particle.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/stefichjo/toki-pona/blob/master/kipo.md\|title=Dialectal Toki Pona (KIPO)\|website=GitHub\|author=Stephan Schneider ({{tok\|jan Tepan}})\|date=2015}}</ref> Nowadays this is considered nonstandard. {{Example \|o ona li lape pona. \|Let her rest well. }} {{End section}} =={{tp\|sitelen pona}}== The {{tp\|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp\|o}} ({{UCSUR char\|{{codepoint\|o}}}}) is composed of the [[Radicals\|punctuation stem]] and the lowercase Latin letter ''O''. The punctuation stem can be drawn upright ({{sp\|1=<span style="font-feature-settings:'ss16';">o</span>\|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}}) or at a diagonal ({{sp\|1=<span style="font-feature-settings:'ss17';">o</span>\|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}}). Compare the glyphs for {{tp\|[[a]]}}, {{tp\|[[kin]]}}, and {{tp\|[[n]]}}. =={{tp\|sitelen sitelen}}== {{Empty}} <!--The {{tp\|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp\|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss\|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….--> ==References== <references/> ==Further reading== ===Resources=== Line 36 ⟶ 91: * {{tok\|jan Lentan}}: [https://lipu-sona.pona.la/7.html Lesson 7] * {{tok\|jan Misali}}: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZpA_XA5FmU tokiponization (toki pona lesson three)] * {{tok\|soweli Tesa}}: [https://~~sowelitesa~~lipu-sona.kittycat.homes/~~lipu-sona~~en/13o Lesson 13] * Jonathal Gabel: [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/commands/ Interjections and Commands]▼ * {{tp\|nasin toki pona}}: [https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-o the particle {{tok\|o}}] ▲* Jonathal Gabel: [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/commands/ Interjections and Commands] ===Dictionaries=== * {{R:Linku}} * {{R:Wikipesija}} * {{R:Wiktionary}} {{Words}} [[Category:Particles]]