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Line 2: \| PoS = particle }} '''{{tp\|[[o]]}}''' is a [[particle]] ~~in Toki Pona~~ used to express desires and wishes, as well as to call out to a listener. ==Functions== ===~~Instructions~~Imperative and ~~commands~~optative=== {{tp\|o}} is used to indicate an {{w\|imperative mood\|imperative}}, expressing a command or instruction. In this case, the particle {{tp\|[[li]]}} is replaced by {{tp\|o}} and the [[subject]] may optionally be ommited. Unlike {{tp\|li}}, the particle {{tp\|o}} can be used following {{tp\|[[mi]]}} or {{tp\|[[sina]]}}. ~~{{tp\|[[o]]}} can be followed by a verb, in which case the sentence is interpreted as a command or [[imperative]]. The [[Glossary#subject\|subject]] of the sentence is omitted.~~ {{Example~~\|o kama!\|Come!\|o kama}}~~ \|o kama sona e toki pona! ~~{{Example\|o pakala ala e ijo mi!\|Do not break my things!\|o pakala ala e ijo-mi}}~~ \|Learn Toki Pona! \|o kama sona e toki-pona }} {{Example \|o pakala ala e ijo mi! \|Do not break my things! \|o pakala ala e ijo mi }} {{tp\|[[o]]}} ~~can~~is ~~replace~~also ~~{{tp\|[[li]]}}~~used to indicate ~~that~~an ~~the~~{{w\|optative ~~speaker~~mood}}, ~~wishes~~expressing ora ~~hopes for something,~~wish or ~~believes that it's better for something to be the case~~hope. ~~This is known as an [[optative]] sentence.~~ In many cases, it can be translated with "should" or with sentences starting with "may". In some cases it is used to express "must" or "have to", a meaning that is traditionally covered by {{tp\|[[wile]]}}.▼ ~~===Calling by name===~~ {{tp\|[[o]]}} can follow a [[Glossary#noun\|noun]] to show that the speaker is addressing that person, place, or thing. This is known as a [[vocative]]. The [[o]] phrase can go either at the start or the end of a sentence.▼ {{Example\|mi o lape.\|I should sleep. (i.e. It would be better if I went to sleep)}}▼ ~~{{Example\|toki, jan ale o!\|Hi, everybody!\|toki 　 jan-ale o}}~~ {{Example\|sijelo sina o kama pona.\|May your body become good/healthy. (i.e. I wish for your body to become healthy)<br>I hope you get better!}}▼ ~~{{Example\|soweli mi o, sina moku e lipu mi tan seme?\|Doggo, why did you eat my homework?\|soweli mi o 　 sina moku e lipu mi tan seme}}~~ ===~~Wishes and desires~~Vocative=== ▲{{tp\|[[o]]}}, ~~can~~following ~~follow~~a word or phrase, indicates a ~~[[Glossary#noun~~{{w\|~~noun]]~~vocative tophrase}}, ~~show~~expressing that the speaker is addressing that person, place, or thing~~. This is known as a [[vocative]]~~. The ~~[[o]]~~ phrase ~~can go~~may either ~~at the~~go ~~start~~before or after the ~~end~~rest of athe sentence. ▲{{tp\|[[o]]}} can replace {{tp\|[[li]]}} to indicate that the speaker wishes or hopes for something, or believes that it's better for something to be the case. This is known as an [[optative]] sentence. In many cases, it can be translated with "should" or with sentences starting with "may". In some cases it is used to express "must" or "have to", a meaning that is traditionally covered by {{tp\|[[wile]]}}. {{Example ~~{{tp\|[[o]]}} can be used with {{tp\|[[mi]]}} and {{tp\|[[sina]]}}, in which case it comes immediately after the [[Glossary#pronoun\|pronoun]] and before the [[Glossary#predicate\|predicate]].~~ \|toki, jan ale o! \|Hi, everybody! \|toki {{idsp}} jan-ale o }} {{Example \|soweli mi o, sina moku e lipu mi tan seme? \|Doggo, why did you eat my homework? \|soweli mi o {{idsp}} sina moku e lipu mi tan seme }} If {{tp\|o}} comes before the addressee instead, it becomes a command to <em>be</em> or <em>personify</em> them. For example, {{tp\|o jan ale!}} means "Be everyone!" and {{tp\|o soweli mi!}} means "Be my pet!" ▲{{Example\|mi o lape.\|I should sleep. (i.e. It would be better if I went to sleep)}} ▲{{Example\|sijelo sina o kama pona.\|May your body become good/healthy. (i.e. I wish for your body to become healthy)<br>I hope you get better!}} Combining both imperative and vocative phrases together can be expressed with a single {{tp\|o}}: Optative constructions can also be used to combine imperative and vocative meanings into one sentence. For example, if you want to address someone called Moja and tell them to come, "{{tp\|jan Moja o kama}}" is more commonly used than "{{tp\|jan Moja o, o kama}}".{{Citation needed\|"More commonly used than"?}} {{Example ~~==External links==~~ \|jan Alu o kama! \|Come, {{tok\|Alu}}! \|jan [ale luka uta] o kama }} Alternatively, they may be separated:{{citation needed\|reason=Unsure if this is an alternative method or a ungrammatical method.}} {{Example \|jan Alu o, o kama! \|Come, {{tok\|Alu}}! \|jan [ale luka uta] o {{idsp}} o kama }} ==Definitions== ==={{tp\|ku}}=== For {{ku\|en}}, respondents in {{tp\|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp\|o}}:<ref>{{cite ku\|304}}</ref> {{ku data}} ==History== {{Start section\|Historical}} Some speakers, such as {{tok\|jan Kipo}} (John Clifford), preferred using the particle {{tp\|o}} as sentence-initial particle instead of it substituting {{tp\|li}} or another similar particle.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/stefichjo/toki-pona/blob/master/kipo.md\|title=Dialectal Toki Pona (KIPO)\|website=GitHub\|author=Stephan Schneider ({{tok\|jan Tepan}})\|date=2015}}</ref> Nowadays this is considered nonstandard. {{Example \|o ona li lape pona. \|Let her rest well. }} {{End section}} =={{tp\|sitelen pona}}== The {{tp\|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp\|o}} ({{UCSUR char\|{{codepoint\|o}}}}) is composed of the [[Radicals\|punctuation stem]] and the lowercase Latin letter ''O''. The punctuation stem can be drawn upright ({{sp\|1=<span style="font-feature-settings:'ss16';">o</span>\|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}}) or at a diagonal ({{sp\|1=<span style="font-feature-settings:'ss17';">o</span>\|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}}). Compare the glyphs for {{tp\|[[a]]}}, {{tp\|[[kin]]}}, and {{tp\|[[n]]}}. =={{tp\|sitelen sitelen}}== {{Empty}} <!--The {{tp\|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp\|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss\|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….--> ==References== <references/> ==Further reading== ===Resources=== Line 35 ⟶ 91: * {{tok\|jan Lentan}}: [https://lipu-sona.pona.la/7.html Lesson 7] * {{tok\|jan Misali}}: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZpA_XA5FmU tokiponization (toki pona lesson three)] * {{tok\|soweli Tesa}}: [https://~~sowelitesa~~lipu-sona.kittycat.homes/~~lipu-sona~~en/13o Lesson 13] * Jonathal Gabel: [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/commands/ Interjections and Commands]▼ * {{tp\|nasin toki pona}}: [https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-o the particle {{tok\|o}}] ▲* Jonathal Gabel: [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/commands/ Interjections and Commands] ===Dictionaries=== * {{R:Linku}} * {{R:Wikipesija}} * {{R:Wiktionary}} {{Words}} [[Category:Particles]]