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{{nimi
{{Other license|ask|it was copied from ''[[ma pona pi toki pona]]''}}
| PoS = particle
}}
'''{{tp|o}}''' is a [[particle]] used to express desires and wishes, as well as to call out to a listener.
 
==Functions==
[[o]] is a particle in toki pona used to form optative, vocative, and imperative phrases and sentences.
 
===Imperative and optative===
== Uses of o ==
{{tp|o}} is used to indicate an {{w|imperative mood|imperative}}, expressing a command or instruction. In this case, the particle {{tp|[[li]]}} is replaced by {{tp|o}} and the [[subject]] may optionally be ommited. Unlike {{tp|li}}, the particle {{tp|o}} can be used following {{tp|[[mi]]}} or {{tp|[[sina]]}}.
1) replaces sina and li, goes directly before the verb
and turns it into an imperative
 
{{Example
e.x. : o tawa 'Go!'
|o kama sona e toki pona!
|Learn Toki Pona!
|o kama sona e toki-pona
}}
{{Example
|o pakala ala e ijo mi!
|Do not break my things!
|o pakala ala e ijo mi
}}
 
{{tp|o}} is also used to indicate an {{w|optative mood}}, expressing a wish or hope. In many cases, it can be translated with "should" or with sentences starting with "may". In some cases it is used to express "must" or "have to", a meaning that is traditionally covered by {{tp|[[wile]]}}.
2) Follows a name or noun to mark it as vocative and directly address said name.
 
{{Example|mi o lape.|I should sleep. (i.e. It would be better if I went to sleep)}}
e.x.: jan Mona o sina pilin seme? 'Mona, how are you?"
{{Example|sijelo sina o kama pona.|May your body become good/healthy. (i.e. I wish for your body to become healthy)<br>I hope you get better!}}
A comma often follows the o in this instance.
 
===Vocative===
3) Replaces li and follows subject, or comes after mi
{{tp|o}}, following a word or phrase, indicates a {{w|vocative phrase}}, expressing that the speaker is addressing that person, place, or thing. The phrase may either go before or after the rest of the sentence.
and sina before the verb to express wishes, recommendations, desires, requests, etc.
 
{{Example
e.x. mi o tawa 'Let's go!"
|toki, jan ale o!
|Hi, everybody!
|toki {{idsp}} jan-ale o
}}
{{Example
|soweli mi o, sina moku e lipu mi tan seme?
|Doggo, why did you eat my homework?
|soweli mi o {{idsp}} sina moku e lipu mi tan seme
}}
 
If {{tp|o}} comes before the addressee instead, it becomes a command to <em>be</em> or <em>personify</em> them. For example, {{tp|o jan ale!}} means "Be everyone!" and {{tp|o soweli mi!}} means "Be my pet!"
e.x.2: sina o pona sijelo "May you become well'
 
Combining both imperative and vocative phrases together can be expressed with a single {{tp|o}}:
== External resources ==
* [[pu]] Lesson 10
* [https://lipu-sona.pona.la/7.html jan Lentan Lesson 7]
* [https://sowelitesa.kittycat.homes/lipu-sona/13 soweli Tesa Lesson 13]
* [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/commands/ sitelen sitelen Interjections and Commands]
* [https://htmlpreview.github.io/?https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jan-Lope/Toki_Pona_lessons_English/gh-pages/toki-pona-lessons_en/index.html#SECTION002120000000000000000 jan Lope Addressing People, Interjections, Commands]
 
{{Example
|jan Alu o kama!
|Come, {{tok|Alu}}!
|jan [ale luka uta] o kama
}}
 
Alternatively, they may be separated:{{citation needed|reason=Unsure if this is an alternative method or a ungrammatical method.}}
 
{{Example
|jan Alu o, o kama!
|Come, {{tok|Alu}}!
|jan [ale luka uta] o {{idsp}} o kama
}}
 
==Definitions==
 
==={{tp|ku}}===
For {{ku|en}}, respondents in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} translated these English words as {{tp|o}}:<ref>{{cite ku|304}}</ref>
 
{{ku data}}
 
==History==
{{Start section|Historical}}
Some speakers, such as {{tok|jan Kipo}} (John Clifford), preferred using the particle {{tp|o}} as sentence-initial particle instead of it substituting {{tp|li}} or another similar particle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/stefichjo/toki-pona/blob/master/kipo.md|title=Dialectal Toki Pona (KIPO)|website=GitHub|author=Stephan Schneider ({{tok|jan Tepan}})|date=2015}}</ref> Nowadays this is considered nonstandard.
 
{{Example
|o ona li lape pona.
|Let her rest well.
}}
{{End section}}
 
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}==
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph for {{tp|o}} ({{UCSUR char|{{codepoint|o}}}}) is composed of the [[Radicals|punctuation stem]] and the lowercase Latin letter ''O''. The punctuation stem can be drawn upright ({{sp|1=<span style="font-feature-settings:'ss16';">o</span>|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}}) or at a diagonal ({{sp|1=<span style="font-feature-settings:'ss17';">o</span>|font="sitelen seli kiwen asuki"}}). Compare the glyphs for {{tp|[[a]]}}, {{tp|[[kin]]}}, and {{tp|[[n]]}}.
 
=={{tp|sitelen sitelen}}==
{{Empty}}
<!--The {{tp|[[sitelen sitelen]]}} glyph for {{tp|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}} ({{ss|{{subst:PAGENAME}}}}) depicts/represents/is derived from/is composed of ….-->
 
==References==
<references/>
 
==Further reading==
 
===Resources===
* {{lipu pu|en}}: Lesson 10
* {{tok|jan Kekan San}}: [https://mun.la/sona/o.html Instructions with {{tok|o}}]
* {{tok|jan Lentan}}: [https://lipu-sona.pona.la/7.html Lesson 7]
* {{tok|jan Misali}}: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZpA_XA5FmU tokiponization (toki pona lesson three)]
* {{tok|soweli Tesa}}: [https://lipu-sona.kittycat.homes/en/o Lesson 13]
* {{tp|nasin toki pona}}: [https://github.com/kilipan/nasin-toki#the-particle-o the particle {{tok|o}}]
* Jonathal Gabel: [https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona/commands/ Interjections and Commands]
 
===Dictionaries===
* {{R:Linku}}
* {{R:Wikipesija}}
* {{R:Wiktionary}}
{{Words}}
[[Category:Particles]]
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