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Lexicalization: Difference between revisions

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{{lipu pu|en}} presents a car as an example against lexicalization. To a passenger, a car might be {{tp|tomo tawa}} ("moving room")<ref group="notelower-alpha">Ironically, {{tp|tomo tawa}} [[Common lexicalizations|has become semi-lexicalized]] anyway.</ref>. To its driver, it might be {{tp|ilo tawa}} ("going tool"). To a pedestrian that the car hit, it might be {{tp|kiwen tawa}} ("hard moving thing") or {{tp|kiwen utala}} ("hard hitting thing").<ref>Roc Morin (15 July 2015). [//theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/07/toki-pona-smallest-language/398363 "How to Say Everything in a Hundred-Word Language"]. ''The Atlantic''.<blockquote>
“What is a car?” Lang mused recently via phone from her home in Toronto.
 
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Because Toki Pona's vocabulary is so small, there are only so many phrases of convenient length to go around. In other words, Toki Pona has limited space for lexicalized compounds.
 
Let's estimate that there are about 120 [[content word]]s<ref group="notelower-alpha">[[How many words does toki pona have?|The exact number of content words would vary.]]</ref>. The amount of 2-word phrases would be about 120<sup>2</sup> = 14&#x202F;400. That might sound like a lot, but many of these would be for single words from other languages, like {{tp|tomo tawa}} for "car" or {{tp|jan pona}} for "friend". English alone has over ten times as many words in current use, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
 
If enough head&ndash;[[modifier]] phrases were reserved in this way, modifiers would become much less useful. For example, you could not translate "red ball" as {{tp|sike loje}}, because that would refer to a fixed, more specific concept.
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Every phrase lexicalized is another thing for everyone to memorize.
 
Much of Toki Pona's popularity and charme comes from its small lexicon. There are only 134 commonly accepted words [[ijoUsage Linku#Word usage surveyscategories|as of 2022]]. Even if you include the 16 multi-word phrases in {{tp|pu}}<nowiki />'s [[Phrase Book]]<ref group="notelower-alpha">However, several of the Phrase Book entries can be interpreted as the literal sum of their words. {{tp|ike a}}, {{tp|mi olin e sina}}, etc. are completely transparent in their given meanings.</ref>, and a couple dozen other lexicalized phrases, this would all still be well under 200 lexemes to learn.
 
If Toki Pona were more eager to lexicalize, that count would almost certainly enter the thousands. This would make the language far more difficult to learn, while costing it the appeal of its simplicity. The phrases would also be quite arbitrarily assigned, creating even more rote memorization.
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==Notes==
<references group="notelower-alpha"/>
 
==References==
<references/>
{{General}}
[[Category:Philosophy]]
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