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{{citeItalic title}}{{lipu pona
|blurb='''<cite>''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]</cite>''''' is a dystopian novel by {{w|George Orwell}}. In the book, a totalitarian surveillance superstate enforces '''{{w|Newspeak}}''', a simplified controlled language with a limited vocabulary, to suppress free and critical thinking. Hasty comparisons to <cite>''Nineteen Eighty-Four</cite>'' are very common, to the point that {{a category|owe}} {{tp|[[nimi sin]]}}, '''{{tp|[[owe]]}}''', has been coined to [[Joke words|joke]] about it.
}}
[[File:Nineteen Eighty-Four cover Soviet 1984.jpg|200px|thumb|Book cover of a Soviet edition]]
'''<cite>''Nineteen Eighty-Four</cite>''''' or '''<cite>''1984</cite>''''' is a dystopian novel by {{w|George Orwell}}. In the book, a totalitarian surveillance superstate enforces '''{{w|Newspeak}}''', a simplified controlled language with a limited vocabulary, to suppress free and critical thinking.
 
Hasty comparisons to <cite>''Nineteen Eighty-Four</cite>'' are very common,<ref group="lower-alpha">In general, but also about Toki Pona specifically.</ref> to the point that {{a category|owe}} {{tp|[[nimi sin]]}}, '''{{tp|[[#owe|owe]]}}''' ("Orwellian"), has been coined to [[Joke words|joke]] about it. Whether Newspeak portrays government propaganda realistically in the first place is debatable. The {{w|Linguistic determinism|strong Sapir&ndash;Whorf hypothesis}} is generally discredited, and [[Toki Pona]] calls into question whether a language can be used to constrain expression.
 
==Differences between Toki Pona and Newspeak==
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* Newspeak would only be practical as the speaker's only language: through their other languages, a polyglot would know of concepts that Newspeak intends to destroy. Toki Pona is meant as a temporary reprieve from other languages. The community specifically does not support raising a child as a Toki Pona monolingual, considering this {{w|language deprivation}}<ref group="lower-alpha">The child would not be able to use Toki Pona with most people, and would miss the {{w|Critical period hypothesis|critical period to acquire language faculty}}.</ref>.
* While Toki Pona is designed to reflect a certain [[Philosophy|ideology]], it is possible to speak in ways that are incongruous with it. For example, the word {{tp|[[kijetesantakalu]]}} contradicts it, yet is in widespread use. While Newspeak would work to deprecate such a word, Toki Pona [[nimi ku suli|has officially endorsed learning about it]]. Toki Pona's ideology also has no political goal and is not authoritarian.
* Newspeak is a thought experiment with no speakers. It only has a limited description in <cite>''Nineteen Eighty-Four</cite>'' and its appendix, "The Principles of Newspeak". Without making noncanonical additions, Newspeak cannot be realized to the extent that its fictional speakers use it. You might take Orwell's word that Newspeak would have the effects described in <cite>''Nineteen Eighty-Four</cite>'', but this is unprovable speculation. Toki Pona is a full, [[Is Toki Pona a real language?|real]], [[Toki Pona: The Language of Good|well-defined]] language with a speaking community. This makes it possible to conduct actual, safe research on its effects.
 
===Vocabulary===
* Newspeak has a continually diminishing vocabulary. Toki Pona's vocabulary has expanded since the publication of the book <cite>''[[Toki Pona: The Language of Good]]</cite>''. [[nimi sin|Words made and revived by the community]] have entered widespread use. 17 such words, the {{tp|[[nimi ku suli]]}}, are officially endorsed in the <cite>''[[Toki Pona Dictionary]]</cite>''.
* Words "that could be dispensed with" are removed from Newspeak. [[Minimalism|Toki Pona has many redundant words]], including [[antonym]]s: {{tp|ike}} ("bad") instead of {{tp|pona ala}} ("ungood"). [[:Category:Styles of Toki Pona|Styles of Toki Pona]] that experiment with removing words are generally not motivated by minimizing redundancy.
* Newspeak words have "rigid", "exact and often very subtle" [[semantic space]]s. Most Toki Pona [[content word]]s are extremely broad in meaning, covering physical and abstract concepts, and so are able to express various shades of meaning depending on [[context]]. The goal is to express as much of universal human experience as possible in a low amount of words. With enough practice and effort, you can say anything in Toki Pona.
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* Unlike Newspeak, Toki Pona avoids euphemism. The English "downsized for profitability" might be rendered {{tp|lawa esun li wile awen jo e mani mute li weka e jan mute}} ("The head of the business wanted to keep having a lot of money and removed a lot of people"; "mass firing for greed"). Even if you do find a way around saying what you mean directly, it may be [[Politeness|considered rude]] to obscure the true meaning.
 
==Related words{{tp|owe}}==
==={{tp|owe}}===
{{Fun|section}}
{{nimi|owe
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| sp = owe - kili Pami.png
}}
'''{{tp|owe}}''' is a [[joke word]] used to satirize Orwellian and totalitarian concepts and accusations. It was coined by {{tok|nano}} in 2021.<ref name="nano2021" /> Its {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph ({{sp|owe}}) is derived from the glyph for {{tp|[[lukin]]}} with [[emitters]] above, representing the {{w|global surveillance}} of the fictional {{w|Oceania (Nineteen Eighty-Four)|Oceanian}} government in <cite>''Nineteen Eighty-Four</cite>''.
 
As a number word, it may refer to the quantity of 1984, especially when referring to the year, as in {{tp|tenpo sike nanpa owe}}.<ref>{{cite Discord|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/340307145373253642/1191265875043557467|name={{tok|jan Sonja}}|username=sonjalang|channel={{tok|pali-musi}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|access-date=2024-01-02}}</ref>
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{{Wikipedia|Nineteen Eighty-Four}}
<references>
<ref name="nano2021">{{cite Discord|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/599425762990358528/814971646007312434|name={{tok|nano}}|username=nano?|channel={{tok|ijo-ante}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}|access-date=2023-12-20}}<blockquote>new word: {{tok|owe}}<br />
new word: owe
means 1984</blockquote></ref>
means 1984
means 1984</blockquote></ref>
</references>
{{Words}}
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