jon't: Difference between revisions
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{{tp title|jo}} |
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To most users, {{tp|jo}}n't involves restructuring sentences to compensate for the loss of {{tp|jo}}, so it generally does not change Toki Pona [[grammar]]. |
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==Motivations== |
==Motivations== |
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Toki Pona is not perfectly [[Minimalism|minimalist]], so many words can be reformulated with other words or grammatical expressions. For {{tp|jo}}, alternative expressions can be found easily and describe the immediate situation more clearly. |
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Many [[Tokiponist]]s view {{tp|jo}} as a [[calque]] of the English word "have". |
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A subset of {{tp|jo}}n't reduces the amount of situations in which {{tp|jo}} would be used. In contrast, {{lipu pu|en}} is very broad in its usage of {{tp|jo}}. |
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* Describing having access to something or refering to a vague relationship to something <ref>[https://lipu-pi-ijo-pi-toki.pona.la/lipu-pi-jan-sin-pi-toki-pona/index.html#jo kule epiku Atawan's dictionary]</ref>, or even owning something, is the least common way of using {{tp|jo}} |
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* Metaphorically holding or containing something is a common way of using {{tp|jo}} |
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* Physically containing something is a common way of using {{tp|jo}} |
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* Physically holding something is the most common way of using {{tp|jo}} |
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==Strategies== |
==Strategies== |
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Not all languages have a direct equivalent to the English "have" or use it the same way. In Russian, it is common to formulate it as {{lang|ru|У меня есть вещь}} (literally: "At me is a thing"). This kind of expression also works in Toki Pona: |
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{{example|ijo li lon mi|A thing is at me / A thing is with me}} |
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For holding something, refering to the body part or tool that enables the holding can be referenced: |
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{{example|ijo li lon luka mi|A thing is in my hand}} |
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{{example|mi luka e ijo|I apply a hand to a thing / I grab a thing}} |
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Containing something can simply refer to something being on the inside: |
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{{example|ijo li lon insa poki|A thing is in the box / The box contains a thing}} |
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Relationships are more commonly referred to by using modifiers: |
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{{example|ijo ni li ijo mi|This thing is my thing}} |
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{{example|ilo li poki e ijo|The tool applies a container to a thing / The tool contains a thing}} |
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==References== |
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<references /> |
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[[Category:Styles of Toki Pona]] |
[[Category:Styles of Toki Pona]] |
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Revision as of 21:56, 7 December 2023
jon't is a common nasin that avoids the content word jo.
Motivations
Toki Pona is not perfectly minimalist, so many words can be reformulated with other words or grammatical expressions. For jo, alternative expressions can be found easily and describe the immediate situation more clearly.
A subset of jon't reduces the amount of situations in which jo would be used. In contrast, Toki Pona: The Language of Good is very broad in its usage of jo.
- Describing having access to something or refering to a vague relationship to something [1], or even owning something, is the least common way of using jo
- Metaphorically holding or containing something is a common way of using jo
- Physically containing something is a common way of using jo
- Physically holding something is the most common way of using jo
Strategies
Not all languages have a direct equivalent to the English "have" or use it the same way. In Russian, it is common to formulate it as У меня есть вещь (literally: "At me is a thing"). This kind of expression also works in Toki Pona:
ijo li lon miijo li lon mi
A thing is at me / A thing is with me
For holding something, refering to the body part or tool that enables the holding can be referenced:
ijo li lon luka miijo li lon luka mi
A thing is in my hand
mi luka e ijomi luka e ijo
I apply a hand to a thing / I grab a thing
Containing something can simply refer to something being on the inside:
ijo li lon insa pokiijo li lon insa poki
A thing is in the box / The box contains a thing
Relationships are more commonly referred to by using modifiers:
ijo ni li ijo miijo ni li ijo mi
This thing is my thing
In some situations, poki can be used:
ilo li poki e ijoilo li poki e ijo
The tool applies a container to a thing / The tool contains a thing