kepeken

kepeken is a core preposition and content word relating to use and means.

kepeken
Pronunciation	/ˈke.pe.ken/
Usage	2023: Core (100% ↗︎ )2022: Core (99%)
Book and era	nimi pu
Part of speech	Preposition, content word
Codepoint	󱤙 U+F1919

Etymology

The word kepeken is derived from Dutch gebruiken, meaning "to use; to consume."

Semantic space

The semantic space of kepeken includes use and means of action.

Preposition

As a preposition, kepeken represents the means or way by which a thing is done.

ona tu li toki kepeken ilo　

ona tu li toki kepeken ilo.

The two of them spoke using a tool.

Content word

As a content word, kepeken can mean used or in use. This is not necessarily majority usage, and the history of kepeken is controversial. See kepeken e for more.

ma-tomo ni la toki mute a li kepeken

ma tomo ni la toki mute a li kepeken.

In this city, many languages are used.

pu

In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines kepeken as:

PREPOSITION  to use, with, by means of

ku

For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as kepeken:

use⁵81–100% of respondents, utilize⁴61–80% of respondents, via³41–60% of respondents, employ³41–60% of respondents, used²21–40% of respondents, operate²21–40% of respondents, interact²21–40% of respondents, equip²21–40% of respondents

sitelen pona

The sitelen pona glyph for kepeken (󱤙) is derived from the radicals for hand and hammer, representing tool use.

sitelen sitelen

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Further reading

• "kepeken" on lipu Linku
• "kepeken" on lipu Wikipesija
• "kepeken" on English Wiktionary