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kin: Difference between revisions
Update function and examples
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==Function==
The particle {{tp|kin}} is used to [[modify]] a preceding [[content word]] to add the sense of "also, too". The word that is modified is important:
{{Example
|
|
|ona li pana e lipu 　 mi <mark>kin </mark> li pana e lipu
}}
{{Example
|mi
|We
|mi lukin e lipu 　 mi pana <mark>kin </mark> e lipu
}}▼
{{Example▼
}}
At the end of a sentence, {{tp|kin}} can also be used to reciprocate a statement.
{{Example
|"mi olin e sina." — "mi olin e sina <mark>kin</mark>."
|"I love you." — "I love you <mark>too</mark>."
|te mi olin e sina to 　 te mi olin e sina <mark>kin </mark> to
}}
===Sentence-initial use===
The word {{tp|kin}} may be used at the start of a sentence. There is some debate over whether to follow sentence-initial {{tp|kin}} with {{tp|[[la]]}}, treating it as a context phrase.
According to poll in early 2023, the majority of speakers use {{tp|kin la}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=//polljunkie.com/poll/gcataw/nimi-kin-en-nimi-a/view|title={{tok|nimi Kin en nimi A}}|author={{tok|jan Ke Tami}}|username=|date=2023-02-08|website=Poll Junkie
{{Example
|
|My spouse is home. Also, my father is sleeping.
|
}}
▲According to poll in early 2023, the majority of speakers use {{tp|kin la}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=//polljunkie.com/poll/gcataw/nimi-kin-en-nimi-a/view|title={{tok|nimi Kin en nimi A}}|author={{tok|jan Ke Tami}}|username=|date=2023-02-08|website=Poll Junkie|publisher=|access-date=2023-12-04|quote=}}</ref> These may interpret {{tp|kin}} as an [[interjection]], meaning "likewise", being used as a sentence fragment in the context position.
Other speakers may interpret sentence-initial {{tp|kin}} as a [[semiparticle]], which does not need the [[particle]] {{tp|la}}, similarly to starting a sentence with {{tp|a}}, and feel that {{tp|kin}} has no [[content word]] meaning as the head of a phrase such as the context clause. Similar arguments apply to {{tp|[[taso]]}}, although not all speakers use the same method for both {{tp|kin (la)}} and {{tp|taso (la)}}.
▲{{Example
|jan olin li lon tomo. kin mama mi li lape.
|My spouse is home. Also, my father is sleeping.
|jan-olin li lon tomo 　 kin mama mi li lape
▲}}
==={{tp|pu}}===
Line 71 ⟶ 75:
|unpa <mark>kin</mark> moku Elena li pona tawa sijelo.
|Sex and Greek food are good for the body.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sonja Lang|title=seme li sin?|date=2002-06-03|website=Toki Pona Forums|url=http://forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?p=114#p114|url-date=2024-01-17}}</ref>
|unpa <mark>kin </mark> moku [esun lili en nena ale] li pona tawa sijelo
}}
Line 79 ⟶ 83:
|ona li <mark>kin</mark> lukin ala e mi.
|He didn't even acknowledge me.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sonja Lang|title=English-Toki Pona Dictionary|date=January 2002|archive-date=2002-03-05|website=tokipona.org|url=http://www.tokipona.org/en-tp.php|archive-url=https://archive.ph/dqjw5}}</ref>
|ona li <mark>kin </mark> lukin ala e mi
}}
| |||