luka pona

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luka pona, also known as LPSL (luka pona sign language), is a constructed sign language. It is a tokiponido created by jan Olipija. It is a real sign language, including classifiers and nonmanual features (NMFs), unlike toki pona luka which is a relex of toki pona into signs.

The main community center for luka pona is the #luka-pona channel on the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server.

Resources

Created by jan Olipja

Compiled by the community

Phonology and morphology

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luka pona morphology is primarily defined by the combination of handshape, placement, orientation, and motion.

Handshapes

wan (1): Index finger extended
tu (V): Index and middle fingers extended
tawa (L): Index finger and thumb extended
kiwen (OpenA): Fist with thumb extended
supa (FlatB): Fingers together
nena (BentB): Fingers together, bent at knuckles
sike (O): Tips of index (and middle) finger and thumb touching (other fingers together)
telo (5): Fingers spread
lili (9): Tips of index finger and thumb touching (other fingers spread)

Grammar

Modifiers

Similar to toki pona, modifiers follow the word they are modifying.^[1]

Particles

The sign PI can be replaced with a brief pause without signing, and the sign for LA can be replaced with a longer pause without signing.^[2]

Directional signs

Signs such as LUKIN, UTALA, KAMA/TAWA, and PANA/LANPAN point from the direction that the corresponding action comes from.^[3] For example, MI SINA LUKIN(tawa sina), the sign LUKIN points toward the referent of SINA, but in SINA MI LUKIN(tawa mi), it points toward the speaker. In ONA-1 ONA-2 LUKIN, it points toward the side of ONA-2.

Postpositions

Unlike Toki Pona, which has prepositions and preverbs, luka pona instead uses postpositions and postverbs.^[4]

The sign O is also postpositive. When used for commands, it can be replaced by signing intensely. When used to address someone, O can be replaced by wiggling the hand intensely before or after the name; or with the sign LUKIN-E, pointing at the speaker, after the name.^[5]

Negation

Negation can be either expressed using the sign ALA or be signaled by shaking the head, lowering the eyebrows, and frowning.^[6]

Syntax

luka pona has a subject–object–verb (SOV) word order and lacks the words li or e. The basic word order is structured as subject NI-1 object NI-2 verb. The NI signs point toward different sides, including for multiple subjects and objects.^[7]

A second subject can be clarified with the sign EN/KIN/KAN, following the NI for the first subject. Multiple verbs are separated by a brief pause.^[8]

Interrogative clauses

In interrogative clauses, the sign SEME always ends the sentence. Yes-or-no questions are formed with a confused expression or by tilting the head to the side.^[9] SEME is also used to link sentences instead of ni.^[10]

Vocabulary

Fingerspelling

luka pona manual alphabet consists of 14 signs, which can be either one-handed or two-handed, used to spell out names and words from toki pona.^[11]

Lexicalization

Lexicalization in sign languages refers to the borrowing of fingerspelled signs. For example, the signs for ku, jasima, pu, soko, unpa and eliki^[12] lack equivalent signs, but instead, are lexicalized, fingerspelled signs.

Time

Time phrases are expressed with phrase TENPO NI, with the sign NI pointing in different directions.^[13] Pointing back represents tenpo pini, pointing at one's feet represents tenpo ni, and pointing forward represents tenpo kama.

Numbers

Numbers can be expressed with the signs for Toki Pona number words, or by extending the corresponding number of fingers, optionally with the sign for nanpa before. Another way of enumerating things is to touch the nth finger on the other hand.^[14]

Intensifiers

luka pona does not use the intensifier a. Instead, the speaker uses two hands.^[15] The sign MUTE can be replaced by signing a word many times in a row.