luka pona

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luka pona, also known as LPSL (luka pona sign language), is a constructed sign language. It is a tokiponido created by jan Olipija. It is a real sign language, including classifiers and nonmanual features (NMFs), unlike toki pona luka which is a relex of toki pona into signs.

The main community center for luka pona is the #luka-pona channel on the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server.

Resources

Created by jan Olipja

Compiled by the community

Phonology and morphology

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luka pona morphology is primarily defined by the combination of handshape, placement, orientation, and motion.

Handshapes

  • wan (1): Index finger extended

    wan (1): Index finger extended

  • tu (V): Index and middle fingers extended

    tu (V): Index and middle fingers extended

  • tawa (L): Index finger and thumb extended

    tawa (L): Index finger and thumb extended

  • kiwen (OpenA): Fist with thumb extended

    kiwen (OpenA): Fist with thumb extended

  • supa (FlatB): Fingers together

    supa (FlatB): Fingers together

  • nena (BentB): Fingers together, bent at knuckles

    nena (BentB): Fingers together, bent at knuckles

  • sike (O): Tips of index (and middle) finger and thumb touching (other fingers together)

    sike (O): Tips of index (and middle) finger and thumb touching (other fingers together)

  • telo (5): Fingers spread

    telo (5): Fingers spread

  • lili (9): Tips of index finger and thumb touching (other fingers spread)

    lili (9): Tips of index finger and thumb touching (other fingers spread)

Grammar

Modifiers

Similar to toki pona, modifiers follow the word they are modifying.[1]

Particles

The sign PI can be replaced with a brief pause without signing, and the sign for LA can be replaced with a longer pause without signing.[2]

Directional signs

Signs such as LUKIN, UTALA, KAMA/TAWA, and PANA/LANPAN point from the direction that the corresponding action comes from.[3] For example, MI SINA LUKIN(tawa sina), the sign LUKIN points toward the referent of SINA, but in SINA MI LUKIN(tawa mi), it points toward the speaker. In ONA-1 ONA-2 LUKIN, it points toward the side of ONA-2.

Postpositions

Unlike Toki Pona, which has prepositions and preverbs, luka pona instead uses postpositions and postverbs.[4]

The sign O is also postpositive. When used for commands, it can be replaced by signing intensely. When used to address someone, O can be replaced by wiggling the hand intensely before or after the name; or with the sign LUKIN-E, pointing at the speaker, after the name.[5]

Negation

Negation can be either expressed using the sign ALA or be signaled by shaking the head, lowering the eyebrows, and frowning.[6]

Syntax

luka pona has a subject–object–verb (SOV) word order and lacks the words li or e. The basic word order is structured as subject NI-1 object NI-2 verb. The NI signs point toward different sides, including for multiple subjects and objects.[7]

A second subject can be clarified with the sign EN/KIN/KAN, following the NI for the first subject. Multiple verbs are separated by a brief pause.[8]

Interrogative clauses

In interrogative clauses, the sign SEME always ends the sentence. Yes-or-no questions are formed with a confused expression or by tilting the head to the side.[9] SEME is also used to link sentences instead of ni.[10]

Vocabulary

Fingerspelling

luka pona manual alphabet consists of 14 signs, which can be either one-handed or two-handed, used to spell out names and words from toki pona.[11]

Lexicalization

Not be confused with lexicalization in Toki Pona.

Lexicalization in sign languages refers to the borrowing of fingerspelled signs. For example, the signs for ku, jasima, pu, soko, unpa and eliki[12] lack equivalent signs, but instead, are lexicalized, fingerspelled signs.

Time

Time phrases are expressed with phrase TENPO NI, with the sign NI pointing in different directions.[13] Pointing back represents tenpo pini, pointing at one's feet represents tenpo ni, and pointing forward represents tenpo kama.

Numbers

Numbers can be expressed with the signs for Toki Pona number words, or by extending the corresponding number of fingers, optionally with the sign for nanpa before. Another way of enumerating things is to touch the nth finger on the other hand.[14]

Intensifiers

luka pona does not use the intensifier a. Instead, the speaker uses two hands.[15] The sign MUTE can be replaced by signing a word many times in a row.

Word list

word handshape details SignWriting
ala supa (FlatB) lon nena (pi poka sijelo)
alasa wan (1) tawa weka
ale/ali telo (5) sike sewi
anpa tawa (L) palisa luka li lon anpa
nena (BentB) tawa anpa
ante kiwen (OpenA) o ante e sinpin luka lon sewi
wan (1)
anu tawa (L) o ante e sinpin tawa sewi
awen nena (BentB) tawa jan
nena (lon poka sijelo)
akesi tu (V) palisa luka li lon weka
lon uta
esun nena (BentB) sike supa
sinpin luka li lon sewi
en/kin/kan tawa (L) o ante e sinpin tawa anpa
ijo wan (1) lon luka (ante)
ilo tawa (L) lon luka (ante)
isipin/lukin wan (1) lon oko
insa tawa (L) lon sijelo
ike kiwen (OpenA) sinpin luka li lon jan
jelo lili (9) lon lawa (poka)
jo nena (BentB) sinpin luka li lon sewi
jaki kiwen (OpenA) lon oko
sinpin luka li lon jan
jan wan (1) tawa anpa
palisa luka li lon sewi.
tawa (L) tawa anpa
sinpin luka li lon anpa.


jasima
kalama telo (5) lon uta
sinpin luka li lon anpa.
lon poka lawa
sinpin luka li lon anpa.
kama/tawa tawa (L) tawa weka
tawa poka
tawa jan
ken kiwen (OpenA) tawa anpa
kepeken kiwen (OpenA) sike sewi
kili kiwen (OpenA) lon uta
kiwen kiwen (OpenA) sinpin luka li lon anpa
kipisi tu (V) tawa lili anpa
kijetesantakalu tu (V) lon oko
sinpin luka li lon weka
kon telo (5) tawa mute
ku
kule lili (9) sike sewi
kulupu wan (1) sike supa
telo (5) sike supa
palisa luka li lon sewi
kute wan (1) lon lawa (poka)
kala supa (FlatB) tawa mute
ko nena (BentB) sike sewi
la tawa (L) tawa lili sewi
lawa kiwen (OpenA) lon lawa (poka)
lape supa (FlatB) lon lawa (poka)
laso lili (9) lon luka (ante)
len nena (BentB) lon sijelo
lete telo (5) lon luka (ante)
lili supa (FlatB) tawa anpa
tu (V) tawa anpa
lili (9) sinpin luka li lon weka
lipu supa (FlatB) lon luka ante
loje lili (9) lon uta
luka telo (5) sinpin luka tawa weka
lukin/oko tu (V) sike sewi
lon oko
palisa luka li lon weka
palisa luka tawa weka
palisa luka li lon weka
palisa luka li lon jan
linja lili (9) tawa poka
lon wan (1) tawa lili anpa
tawa (L)
lupa sike (O) sinpin luka li lon anpa
ma supa (FlatB) sike supa
sinpin luka li lon anpa
mama tu (V) lon sijelo
sinpin luka li lon sewi
mi wan (1) palisa luka li lon jan
moku sike (O) lon uta
monsuta telo (5) tawa jan
mani wan (1) lon oko
palisa luka li lon sewi
monsi supa (FlatB) sinpin luka li lon jan
moli supa (FlatB) lon uta
tawa poka
meli tawa (L) lon uta
mije tawa (L) lon oko
mu nena (BentB) lon uta
telo (5) lon poka lawa
sinpin luka li lon anpa.
musi telo (5) sinpin luka li lon poka
tawa sewi
mute telo (5) tawa poka
mun sike (O) lon lawa (poka)
namako/sin supa (FlatB) lon luka (ante)
tawa sewi
palisa luka li lon sewi
ni wan (1) palisa luka li lon anpa
nanpa telo (5) lon oko
nasa wan (1) sike sewi
nasin supa (FlatB) tawa weka
nena nena (BentB) sinpin li lon anpa
nimi supa (FlatB) lon oko
noka tu (V) palisa luka li lon anpa
olin telo (5) lon sijelo
ona wan (1) palisa luka li lon poka
open supa (FlatB) ante sinpin tawa sewi
o supa (FlatB) tawa lili tawa anpa
pakala telo (5) sinpin li ante tawa sewi
pali kiwen (OpenA) lon luka ante
tawa mute
palisa sike (O) tawa poka
pan telo (5) lon uta
pana/lanpan nena (BentB) tawa weka
sinpin luka li lon sewi
tawa jan
tawa poka
pimeja lili (9) lon nena (lon poka sijelo)
pini supa (FlatB) ante sinpin tawa anpa
pilin lili (9) lon sijelo
pi lili (9) tawa lili tawa sewi
poka tawa (L) palisa luka li lon poka
poki sike (O) sinpin luka li lon poka
pipi lili (9) tawa mute
pona kiwen (OpenA) sinpin luka li lon jan
pu
sama kiwen (OpenA) o ante e sinpin luka tawa anpa
wan (1)
seli telo (5) lon nena (pi poka sijelo)
seme supa (FlatB) sinpin luka li lon sewi
wan (1) tawa mute
sewi tawa (L) palisa luka li lon sewi
nena (BentB) tawa sewi
selo sike (O) lon luka (ante)
sijelo supa (FlatB) lon sijelo
tawa anpa
sike sike (O) sike sewi
sin supa (FlatB) lon luka (ante)
tawa sewi
sina wan (1) palisa luka li lon weka
sinpin supa (FlatB) sinpin luka li lon anpa
sitelen lili (9) sike supa
soko
sona nena (BentB) lon lawa (poka)
sona/isipin wan (1) lon lawa (poka)
palisa luka li lon sewi
soweli tu (V) palisa luka li lon sewi
tawa anpa
suli supa (FlatB) tawa anpa
tu (V)
suno telo (5) lon lawa (poka)
supa supa (FlatB) tawa poka
sinpin luka li lon anpa
suwi tu (V) lon uta
tan telo (5) ante sinpin tawa anpa
taso wan (1) tawa lili sewi
tawa/kama tawa (L) tawa weka
tawa poka
tawa jan
telo telo (5) tawa weka
tenpo tu (V) lon luka (ante)
toki supa (FlatB) sike sewi
tomo nena (BentB) tawa poka
tonsi tawa (L) lon lawa (poka)
tu tu (V) sinpin luka li lon jan
unpa tu (V) luka li tawa sewi tawa anpa lon tenpo tu

ona li sama nimi U-N-U-N

uta wan (1) lon uta
utala kiwen (OpenA) tawa weka
tawa jan
tawa poka
walo lili (9) lon oko
wan wan (1) sinpin luka li lon jan
waso telo (5) tawa lili anpa
wawa kiwen (OpenA) lon sijelo
weka supa (FlatB) tawa lili sewi
wile sike (O) lon sijelo
telo (5) tawa jan
sinpin luka li lon sewi

References

  1. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa wan - nimi kule en pi (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  2. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa tu - la (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  3. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka luka - nimi pali tawa (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  4. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa tu tu - nimi poka en nimi poka pali (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  5. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka - o (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  6. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka tu - ala (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  7. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa tu wan - nimi ijo en nimi pali (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  8. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka tu - nimi ijo mute en nimi pali mute (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  9. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka tu wan - toki pi wile sona. Blogspot.
  10. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka tu tu - nimi luka ‘SEME’ (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  11. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka wan - nimi nimi (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  12. ↑ jan Tepo (@tbodt) (7 October 2023). Message posted in the thread "eliki li seme tawa sina?" on the #toki-suli channel in the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server. Discord.
  13. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka - tenpo (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  14. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka tu tu - nanpa (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
  15. ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka wan - a en mute (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.


Development and usage jan Sonja · Toki Pona: The Language of Good (2014) · Tokiponidos · Software (Tools · Fonts) · suno pi toki pona · Toki Pona census · Toki Pona Dictionary (2021) · UCSUR · Linku · ISO 639-3
Conventions Phonology (Phonotactics) · Words (Tokiponization) · Grammar (Word order) · Social conventions · Writing systems (sitelen Lasina · sitelen pona · sitelen sitelen) · luka pona (sign language) · Number systems · Calendar systems · Styles (pu · pu-rism · ku · Nonstandard)
Philosophy Minimalism · Context · Circumlocution · Expression · Lexicalization · Multiple sentences · Comparisons
Resources Frequently asked questions · Courses · Dictionaries · Cheat sheets · Visual aids · Communities · Websites · Media
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