sona pona

monsuta: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

monsuta (edit)

Revision as of 12:13, 5 October 2023

67 bytes removed ,  8 months ago
no edit summary
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Line 1:
{{nimi
| sp = Monsuta - sitelen pona tan lipu pu pi toki Epelanto.png
| PoS = content word
}}
'''{{tp|monsuta}}''' is a [[Toki Pona]] [[content word]] related to monsters, scariness, and fear. It was coined by {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in 2009.
 
==Etymology==
It was proposed by {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in 2009, but she abandoned the word shortly after. The word always saw some use among a minority of speakers. However, for a long time the word {{tp|monsuta}} was not used a lot, and the way to use it wasn't defined very well. This changed in the late 2010s and early 2020s, when the word became popular and certain trends emerged among its users. However, some use cases of {{tp|monsuta}} remain undefined, ambiguous, or controversial.▼
The word {{tp|monsuta}} is derived from {{w|Japanese}} {{lang|ja|{{wikt|モンスター}}}} ({{lang|ja|monsutā}}), itself from English ''monster''. It was coined by {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in 2009, but it was abandoned shortly after.
 
▲It was proposed by {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} in 2009, but she abandoned the word shortly after. The word always saw some use among a minority of speakers. However, for a long time the word {{tp|monsuta}} was not used a lot,underused and thenot way to use it wasn'twell defined very well. This changed in the late 2010s and early 2020s, when the word became popular and certain trends emerged among its users. However, some use cases of {{tp|monsuta}} remain undefined, ambiguous, or controversial.
== Common ways to use {{tp|monsuta}} ==▼
 
=={{tp|sitelen pona}}==
The {{tp|[[sitelen pona]]}} glyph represents a mouth with sharp teeth. It was designed by {{tok|jan Same}}, a contributor to {{tp|[[linja pona]]}}, in 2016<ref>jan Same (11 October 2016). [http://forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?t=2616 Sitelen pona glyphs for new and apocryphal words]. ''Toki Pona Forums''.</ref> It originally featured a circle surrounding it, but was later changed after feedback from user {{tok|jan Tepan Neta Pelin}}, due to it being confused as a compound with {{tp|ijo}}.
 
==Semantic space==
In 2010, the official Toki Pona wiki originally defined {{tp|monsuta}} as:<ref>[//archive.is/NQQ4a {{tp|monsuta}}]. inArchived from the Tokioriginal Ponain wiki],5 2010July 2013. ''Toki Pona''.</ref> defined {{tp|monsuta}} as:▼
 
=== Definitions ===
▲In 2010 the official Toki Pona wiki<ref>[//archive.is/NQQ4a {{tp|monsuta}} in the Toki Pona wiki], 2010</ref> defined {{tp|monsuta}} as:
<blockquote>
# creature that preys on humans; predator
Line 17 ⟶ 22:
</blockquote>
 
NowadaysIn modern usage, the word {{tp|monsuta}} is often useddefined as a noun or [[head]] to meanmeaning "monster"," but its meaning is also generalized toas "something scary, something that causes fear, something dangerous.". ItThe usuallyword leansis mostalso towardscommonly theused thirdas ofa the[[modifier]] 2010to definitionsmean "scary, frightening, creepy, spooky" or "monstrous, monster-like".
 
{{Example|monsuta li lon anpa supa.<br />monsuta li lon anpa pi supa lape.|There's a monster under the bed.}}▼
The word is also very commonly used as an adjective or [[modifier]] to mean "scary, frightening, creepy, spooky" or "monstrous, monster-like."
{{Example|sina kute ala kute e kalama monsuta?|Do you hear a scary noise?}}▼
 
The word "fear" is included inside {{tp|monsuta}}'s semantic space. However, it is more commonly expressed as {{tp|pilin monsuta}} ("scary feeling").
=== Fear ===
In Toki Pona dictionaries, the noun "fear" is often included in {{tp|monsuta}}'s definition. However, nowadays the word is rarely used as a noun by itself to mean "fear." Instead, the term {{tp|pilin monsuta}} (scary feeling) is commonly used to describe the noun "fear."
 
▲==Transitive Commonuse ways to useof {{tp|monsuta}} ==
=== Examples ===
{{Main|monsutatesu}}
▲{{Example|monsuta li lon anpa supa.<br />monsuta li lon anpa pi supa lape.|There's a monster under the bed.}}
 
{{Example|ona li jan ala li monsuta.|It isn't a person but a monster.}}
The transitive use of {{tp|monsuta}} remains unclear. Depending on the speaker, it can mean "to turn into a monster; to scare" or "to fear". Several pepole support multiple of these interpretations, where the specific meaning depends on context. The fact that transitive {{tp|monsuta}} can be analyzed to have two opposite meanings has inspired the {{tp|[[monsutatesu]]}} analysis of Toki Pona.
▲{{Example|sina kute ala kute e kalama monsuta?|Do you hear a scary noise?}}
 
{{Example|mi pilin monsuta.|I am scared.}}
Note that the meanings of "to scare" and "to fear" can also be expressed without using transitive {{tp|monsuta}}. (SeeThe thesentence example"I sentencesfear above.)bugs" or "bugs scare me" can be translated in various ways:▼
 
"I fear bugs" or "bugs scare me" can be translated in various ways:
{{Example|pipi li monsuta tawa mi.|Bugs are scary to me.}}
{{Example|mi pilin monsuta tawa pipi / tan pipi.|I am scared towards bugs / because of bugs.}}
{{Example|mi pilin monsuta tan pipi.|I am scared because of bugs.}}
{{Example|pipi li pana e pilin monsuta tawa mi.|Bugs give me fear.}}
{{Example|pipi li kama e pilin monsuta lon mi.|Bugs make fear emerge in me.}}
 
(Some people would alternatively express "bugs scare me" as "{{tp|pipi li pilin monsuta e mi.}}". Other people find this confusing, and would recommend using this sentence primarily for meanings like "bugs touch me in a scary way.". Both interpretations exist, and in many cases context can help clarify which meaning is meant.)
 
"Nothing scares them":
{{Example|ijo ala li monsuta tawa ona.|Nothing is scary to them.}}
{{Example|ona li ken ala pilin monsuta.|They can't fear.}}
 
== Transitive use of {{tp|monsuta}} ==
Transitive use of {{tp|monsuta}} remains nebulously defined. Depending on who you ask, {{tp|mi monsuta e sina}} can mean "I scare you," "I fear you," "I turn you into a monster"/"I make you scary," etc. Many people support multiple of these interpretations, where the specific meaning depends on context.
 
▲Note that the meanings of "to scare" and "to fear" can also be expressed without using transitive {{tp|monsuta}}. (See the example sentences above.)
 
The fact that transitive {{tp|monsuta}} can be analyzed to have two opposite meanings has inspired the {{tp|[[monsutatesu]]}} analysis of Toki Pona.
 
== References ==
<references/>
{{Words}}
Retrieved from "https://sona.pona.la/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/3353"