sona pona

e

Core Toki Pona particle
Revision as of 06:37, 16 January 2024 by JPeton (talk | contribs) (→‎Function: Remove irrelevant citation.)

e is a particle that introduces the target of an action. It is part of the predicate and introduces a direct object.

e in sitelen pona
e in sitelen sitelen
Pronunciation /e/
Usage 2023: Core (100% → )2022: Core (100%)
Book and era nimi pu
Part of speech Particle
Codepoint 󱤉 U+F1909

Function

e marks the verb's direct object, the thing to which the subject of the sentence does the action. A verb with a direct object is called a transitive verb.[1] When the action has more than one target, the particle e introduces each new direct object.

jan li wile alasa e mi

jan li wile alasa e mi[.][2]

Someone wants to hunt me.

ale li ken lukin e ona, e pona ona, e wawa ona!

ale li ken lukin e ona, e pona ona, e wawa ona![3]

Everyone could see them, their goodness, [and] their might!

e does not introduce the object of a preposition.Nevertheless, it is sometimes used to introduce the direct object of a prepositional phrase.

Definitions

pu

In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines e as:

PARTICLE  (before the direct object)

sitelen pona

The sitelen pona glyph for e (󱤉) represents the heads of a double arrow symbol, facing rightwards along the standard writing direction. It is a reduplication of the glyph for li (li).

References

  1. ↑ See Hopper, Paul J., and Sandra A. Thompson. “Transitivity in Grammar and Discourse.” Language, vol. 56, no. 2, 1980, pp. 251–99. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/413757. Accessed 16 Jan. 2024.
  2. ↑ jan Lakuse, "luka waso pi nena taso" (2023) utala pona http://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/toki-lili.html#luka-waso-pi-nena-taso
  3. ↑ mun Kekan San, "jan mun" (2023) utala pona http://utala.pona.la/toki-en-lipu/lipu-suli/jan-mun.html#sitelen-Lasina

Further reading

Resources

Dictionaries


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