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'''{{tp|monsutatesu}}''' is an analysis of [[Toki Pona]]. It posits that some [[content word]]s are [[wikipedia:Auto-antonym|auto-antonyms]] when used as verbs. The word is a [[tokiponization]] of "{{tp|[[monsuta]]}} test"; {{tp|sina monsuta e mi}} can be interpreted as "you scare me" or "you fear me".
'''{{tp|monsutatesu}}''' is an analysis of [[Toki Pona]], which posists that some [[content word]]s when used as verbs are {{wp|auto-antonym}}, that is, they have two different meanings of which one is the reverse of another. The word is derived from the Toki Pona word {{tp|[[monsuta]]}}, as it was the first to be analysed as such, and the English word "test". The sentence "{{tp|sina monsuta e mi}}" can be interpreted both as "you scare me" or "you fear me".


==Causes==
==Causes==
Some cases of {{tp|monsutatesu}} are from using a word in a different [[part of speech]], then adapting that meaning back into the original part of speech.
Some cases of {{tp|monsutatesu}} are from using a word in a different [[part of speech]], then adapting that meaning back into the original part of speech. For example, {{pu}} defines {{tp|[[moku]]}} as a verb meaning "to eat". When used as a noun, it is interpreted as something that is eaten: "food". If this noun sense is used as a verb, it means "to be food", with the inverse relation of its definition. Compare {{tp|mi moku [[e]] ona}} ("I eat it") and {{tp|mi moku ona}} ("I am its food").

For example, {{tp|[[pu]]}} [[Toki Pona Dictionary (pu)|defines]] {{tp|[[moku]]}} as a verb meaning "to eat". When used as a noun, it is interpreted as something that is eaten: "food". If this noun sense is used as a verb, it means "to be food", with the inverse relation of its definition.

Compare {{tp|mi moku <ins>[[e]] ona</ins>}} ("I eat <ins>it</ins>"), {{tp|mi moku <ins>[[modifier|ona]]</ins>}} ("I am <ins>its</ins> food").


==Words analyzed under {{tp|monsutatesu}}==
==Words analyzed under {{tp|monsutatesu}}==
In the following table, <var>E</var> stands for the direct [[object]] of a [[transitive verb]]. Senses without <var>E</var> are [[intransitive verb|intransitive]].
The following table shows a list of words analyzed under {{tp|monsutatesu}}. The letter <var>X</var> stands for the direct [[object]] of a [[transitive verb]]. Senses without it are [[intransitive verb|intransitive]].


{|class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan="2"|{{tp|nimi}}
! rowspan="2" | Word
!colspan="2"|Meaning
! colspan="2" | Meaning
!rowspan="2"|Noted by
! rowspan="2" | Noted by
|-
|-
!Subject as agent
! Subject as agent
!Subject as patient or other
! Subject as patient or other
|-
|-
|{{tp|[[monsuta]]}}
| {{tp|[[kalama]]}}
|to be scary; to scare <var>E</var>
| to play; to make <var>X</var> make sound
|to be afraid; to fear <var>E</var>
| to sound; to make the sound <var>X</var>
| ike Pike<ref name="tonyu2019"/>
⚫
|{{tok|janKipo}}<ref>{{tok|janKipo}}. "[//forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?p=9294&sid=9f93ae0f9a42d83f4309ded52c9b269e#p9294 Re: monsuta moli]". [[Toki Pona Forums]]. October 4, 2010.<blockquote>Does 'monsuta' as vt mean "be afraid of", as here, or "frighten"? The latter seems more reasonable somehow.</blockquote></ref><ref name="lipu kule">kala pona Tonyu. "[//lipukule.org/post/2021/01/29/monsutatesu monsutatesu]". {{tp|[[lipu kule]]}}, {{tp|tenpo mun nanpa wan}}, 2021.</ref>
|-
|-
|{{tp|[[mama]]}}
| {{tp|[[lawa]]}}
|to be a parent; to nurture <var>E</var>
| to be a head; to control <var>X</var>
|to make <var>E</var> a parent
| to put in charge; to make <var>X</var> a head
| ike Pike<ref name="tonyu2019"/>
|{{tok|jan Likipi}}<ref>On the <code>toki uta</code> voice channel in {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}}, then discussed in the <code>#sona-musi</code> text channel</ref><ref name="lipu kule" />
|-
|-
|{{tp|[[lawa]]}}
| {{tp|[[mama]]}}
|to be a head; to control <var>E</var>
| to be a parent; to nurture <var>X</var>
|to put in charge; to make <var>E</var> a head
| to make <var>X</var> a parent
| {{tok|jan Likipi}}<ref>jan Likipi (@lilscribby) (28 July 2020). [https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/375591429608570881/737752639961432225 Message on the <code>#{{tok|sona-musi}}</code> channel of the {{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}} Discord server].<blockquote>
|rowspan="3"|A [[ma pona pi toki pona|{{tp|mpptp}}]] member<ref name="lipu kule" />
re: what's monsutatesu<br/>
mi mama e ona means what?<br/>
usually "I created it" or "I parent/nurture it"<br/>
but that's backwards from the normal transitivity rules which would say "I make it into a parent"<br/>
which doesnt make much sense</blockquote></ref><ref name="tonyu2019"/>
|-
|-
|{{tp|[[kalama]]}}
| rowspan="2" | {{tp|[[moku]]}}
|to play; to make <var>E</var> make sound
| rowspan="2" | to consume (<var>X</var>)
|to sound; to make the sound <var>E</var>
| to give fuel; to feed <var>X</var>
| ike Pike<ref name="tonyu2019"/>
|-
|-
⚫
| to be fuel<ref group="lower-alpha">Fails {{tp|monsutatesu}} as a transitive verb.</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{tp|[[moku]]}}
⚫
|{{tok|[[jan Misali]]}}<ref>{{tok|[[jan Misali]]}} (13 December 2015). "[//youtu.be/4L-dvvng4Zc?t=148 Day One: Reading and Whatnot]" (2:28&ndash;2:42). [[12 Days of sona pi toki pona|''12 Days of {{tok|sona pi toki pona}}'']]. ''YouTube''.</ref>
|rowspan="2"|to consume (<var>E</var>)
⚫
|to give fuel; to feed <var>E</var>
|-
|-
| {{tp|[[monsuta]]}}
⚫
|to be fuel<ref group="lower-alpha" name="tv syn">Fails {{tp|monsutatesu}} as a transitive verb</ref>
⚫
| to be scary; to scare <var>X</var>
⚫
|{{tok|[[jan Misali]]}}<ref>{{tok|[[jan Misali]]}}. "[//youtu.be/4L-dvvng4Zc?t=148 Day One: Reading and Whatnot]" (2:28&ndash;2:42), [[12 Days of sona pi toki pona|''12 Days of {{tok|sona pi toki pona}}'']]. YouTube. December 13, 2015.</ref>
| to be afraid; to fear <var>X</var>
⚫
| {{tok|jan Kipo}}<ref>{{tok|janKipo}} (4 October 2010). [//forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?p=9294&sid=9f93ae0f9a42d83f4309ded52c9b269e#p9294 Re: monsuta moli]. ''Toki Pona Forums''.<blockquote>Does 'monsuta' as vt mean "be afraid of", as here, or "frighten"? The latter seems more reasonable somehow.</blockquote></ref><ref name="tonyu2019">{{tok|kala pona Tonyu}} (29 January 2021). "[//lipukule.org/post/2021/01/29/monsutatesu monsutatesu]". {{tp|[[lipu kule]]}}.</ref>
|-
|-
|{{tp|[[musi]]}}
| {{tp|[[musi]]}}
|to be fun; to entertain <var>E</var>
| to be fun; to entertain <var>X</var>
|to have fun; to enjoy <var>E</var>
| to have fun; to enjoy <var>X</var>
|{{tok|[[jan Kekan San]]}}<ref>{{tok|[[jan Kekan San]]}}. [//mun.la/lipu/monsutatesu-isnt-special Monsutatesu isn’t special (scrap)]. mun! (mun.la).</ref>
| {{tok|[[jan Kekan San]]}}<ref>{{tok|[[jan Kekan San]]}}. [//mun.la/lipu/monsutatesu-isnt-special Monsutatesu isn’t special (scrap)]. ''mun.la''.</ref>
|}
|}

⚫
<references group="lower-alpha" />
==Notes==
⚫
<references group="lower-alpha"/>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 17:46, 7 October 2023

monsutatesu is an analysis of Toki Pona, which posists that some content words when used as verbs are auto-antonym, that is, they have two different meanings of which one is the reverse of another. The word is derived from the Toki Pona word monsuta, as it was the first to be analysed as such, and the English word "test". The sentence "sina monsuta e mi" can be interpreted both as "you scare me" or "you fear me".

Causes

Some cases of monsutatesu are from using a word in a different part of speech, then adapting that meaning back into the original part of speech. For example, pu defines moku as a verb meaning "to eat". When used as a noun, it is interpreted as something that is eaten: "food". If this noun sense is used as a verb, it means "to be food", with the inverse relation of its definition. Compare mi moku e ona ("I eat it") and mi moku ona ("I am its food").

Words analyzed under monsutatesu

The following table shows a list of words analyzed under monsutatesu. The letter X stands for the direct object of a transitive verb. Senses without it are intransitive.

Word Meaning Noted by
Subject as agent Subject as patient or other
kalama to play; to make X make sound to sound; to make the sound X ike Pike[1]
lawa to be a head; to control X to put in charge; to make X a head ike Pike[1]
mama to be a parent; to nurture X to make X a parent jan Likipi[2][1]
moku to consume (X) to give fuel; to feed X ike Pike[1]
to be fuel[a] jan Misali[3]
monsuta to be scary; to scare X to be afraid; to fear X jan Kipo[4][1]
musi to be fun; to entertain X to have fun; to enjoy X jan Kekan San[5]

Notes

  1. ↑ Fails monsutatesu as a transitive verb.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 kala pona Tonyu (29 January 2021). "monsutatesu". lipu kule.
  2. ↑ jan Likipi (@lilscribby) (28 July 2020). Message on the #sona-musi channel of the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server.

    re: what's monsutatesu
    mi mama e ona means what?
    usually "I created it" or "I parent/nurture it"
    but that's backwards from the normal transitivity rules which would say "I make it into a parent"

    which doesnt make much sense
  3. ↑ jan Misali (13 December 2015). "Day One: Reading and Whatnot" (2:28–2:42). 12 Days of sona pi toki pona. YouTube.
  4. ↑ janKipo (4 October 2010). Re: monsuta moli. Toki Pona Forums.

    Does 'monsuta' as vt mean "be afraid of", as here, or "frighten"? The latter seems more reasonable somehow.
  5. ↑ jan Kekan San. Monsutatesu isn’t special (scrap). mun.la.
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