ni
ni is a core content word meaning "this" or "that".
Pronunciation | /ni/ |
---|---|
Usage | 2023: Core (100% → )2022: Core (100%) |
Book and era | nimi pu |
Part of speech | Content word |
Codepoint | U+F1941 |
Etymology Edit
The word ni is derived from Cantonese 呢 (Jyutping: ni1), meaning "this".[1]
Semantic space Edit
ni is a demonstrative, used to indicate which entities are being referred to, analogous to English this, that, these, and those. It is not constrated by proximity, number, or gender. Speakers often distinguish these by pointing to a certain object or by context.
mi wile e moku nimi wile e moku ni
I want this/that food.
ni li lonni li lon.
That's true.
In the predicate, ni refers to a specificed action, meaning "to do this".
pu Edit
In the "Official Toki Pona Dictionary" section, the book Toki Pona: The Language of Good defines ni as:
ADJECTIVE that, this
ku Edit
For Toki Pona Dictionary, respondents in ma pona pi toki pona translated these English words as ni:[2]
this5, particular2 , specifically2 , there2, that5 , these5 , those4
Linking ni Edit
ni can be used to link multiple sentences. The effect can be similar to the word "that", as used to start a relative clause. This is one of the main tools to describe ideas that are too complex to fit in a single sentence.[3]
In the Latin script, the sentence with ni typically ends in a colon. In sitelen pona, the glyph for a linking ni is often rotated to point at the other sentence, usually to the right.
mi sona e ni2 sina sona e ni2 mi sonami sona e ni: sina sona e ni: mi sona.
I know that you know that I know.
The word ni does not need to be next to the following sentence to be linking to it.
kili ni2li pona ona li loje li suwi akili ni li pona: ona li loje li suwi a.
These fruits are good: they're red and so sweet.
ona vs. ni Edit
sitelen pona Edit
The sitelen pona glyph for ni () is an arrow, pointing down by default. When used as a modifier in a stacked glyph, it points at the head word underneath. The glyph for ni may be turned to point in other directions, toward the words it is referencing.
soweli li toki e ni
ni3 li nasa asoweli li toki e ni
ni li nasa a[4]The animal said: "this is silly!"
sitelen sitelen Edit
References Edit
- ↑ Word Origins. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Toki Pona.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. pp. 302–303.
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (25 May 2014). Toki Pona: The Language of Good. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292300. OCLC 921253340. p. 58.
- ↑ lipamanka. (11 May 2023). "waso". LIPUmanka.
Further reading Edit
- "ni" on lipu Linku
- "ni" on lipu Wikipesija
- "ni" on English Wiktionary