luka pona: Difference between revisions
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'''{{tp|luka pona}}''', also known as '''{{tok|Luka Pona}} Sign Language''' ('''LPSL'''), is a {{w|Constructed language|constructed}} {{w|sign language}} and [[tokiponido]] created by the {{tp|luka pona}} community with large contributions from {{tok|jan Olipija}}.<!-- Phrasing requested from jan Olijpija herself. --> Unlike {{tp|[[toki pona luka]]}}, which is a {{w|Manually coded language|manually coded relex}} of Toki Pona, {{tp|luka pona}} is a full sign language, including classifiers and [[w:nonmanual feature|nonmanual features]] (NMFs). In the {{ku|en}} (2021), {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} advocates and recommends learning {{tp|luka pona}} instead of {{tp|toki pona luka}}.<ref>{{cite ku|11}}<blockquote>Signed Toki Pona ({{tp|toki pona luka}}) was presented as a game to battle {{w|Lojban|Lojbanists}}. A new and very pona project, {{tp|luka pona}}, has since been designed by {{tok|jan Olipija}} to be usable as a naturalistic sign language alongside Toki Pona. I recommend learning {{tp|luka pona}}.</blockquote></ref> |
'''{{tp|luka pona}}''', also known as '''{{tok|Luka Pona}} Sign Language''' ('''LPSL'''), is a {{w|Constructed language|constructed}} {{w|sign language}} and [[tokiponido]] created by the {{tp|luka pona}} community with large contributions from {{tok|jan Olipija}}.<!-- Phrasing requested from jan Olijpija herself. --> Unlike {{tp|[[toki pona luka]]}}, which is a {{w|Manually coded language|manually coded relex}} of Toki Pona, {{tp|luka pona}} is a full sign language, including classifiers and [[w:nonmanual feature|nonmanual features]] (NMFs). In the {{ku|en}} (2021), {{tok|[[jan Sonja]]}} advocates and recommends learning {{tp|luka pona}} instead of {{tp|toki pona luka}}.<ref>{{cite ku|11}}<blockquote>Signed Toki Pona ({{tp|toki pona luka}}) was presented as a game to battle {{w|Lojban|Lojbanists}}. A new and very pona project, {{tp|luka pona}}, has since been designed by {{tok|jan Olipija}} to be usable as a naturalistic sign language alongside Toki Pona. I recommend learning {{tp|luka pona}}.</blockquote></ref> |
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The main community center for {{tp|luka pona}} is the <code>#luka-pona</code> channel on the {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} Discord server, where there are videochat sessions for teaching and chatting, as well as the [[Ma Toki Pona VR]] community on {{w|VRChat}}. |
The main community center for {{tp|luka pona}} is the <code>#luka-pona</code> channel on the {{tp|[[ma pona pi toki pona]]}} Discord server, where there are videochat sessions for teaching and chatting, as well as the [[Ma Toki Pona VR]] community on {{w|VRChat}}. |
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==Phonology== |
==Phonology== |
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===Modifiers=== |
===Modifiers=== |
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Similar to |
Similar to Toki Pona, modifiers follow the word they are modifying.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-wan-nimi_9.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa wan - nimi kule en pi}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref> |
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===Particles=== |
===Particles=== |
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===Fingerspelling=== |
===Fingerspelling=== |
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The {{tp|luka pona}} {{w|fingerspelling|manual alphabet}} consists of 14 signs, which can be either one-handed or two-handed, used to spell out [[names]] and words from |
The {{tp|luka pona}} {{w|fingerspelling|manual alphabet}} consists of 14 signs, which can be either one-handed or two-handed, used to spell out [[names]] and words from Toki Pona.<ref>jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-luka_9.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka wan - nimi nimi}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref> |
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⚫ | Words which lack have signs, such as {{tp|jasima}} and {{tp|[[eliki]]}}, are fingerspelled instead. When a given word or name is spelled frequently, its spelling may become faster and more relaxed over time, and might not include all the letters in the original, to the point of making the spelling unreadable to those not familiar with the word.<ref>{{cite Discord|url=https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/1136414293638795305/1160109073182752799|name={{tok|jan Tepo}}|username=tbodt|thread={{tok|eliki li seme tawa sina?}}|channel={{tok|toki-suli}}|server={{tp|ma pona pi toki pona}}}}</ref> In sign language linguistics, this phenomenon is known as {{w|Lexicalization#In sign languages|lexicalization}} (not to be confused with [[lexicalization]] in the context of Toki Pona). |
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Words that don't have signs, such as {{tp|jasima}} and {{tp|[[eliki]]}}, are fingerspelled instead. |
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===Time=== |
===Time=== |
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===Intensifiers=== |
===Intensifiers=== |
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{{tp|luka pona}} does not use the intensifier {{tp|[[a]]}}. Instead, the speaker uses two hands.<ref name="lp6">jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-wan.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka wan - a en mute}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref> The sign MUTE can be replaced by signing a word many times in a row. |
{{tp|luka pona}} does not use the intensifier {{tp|[[a]]}}. Instead, the speaker uses two hands.<ref name="lp6">jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). [https://lukapona.blogspot.com/2021/04/nasin-toki-pi-luka-pona-nanpa-luka-wan.html {{tp|nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka wan - a en mute}}] (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.</ref> The sign MUTE can be replaced by signing a word many times in a row. |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 19:21, 26 January 2024
luka pona, also known as Luka Pona Sign Language (LPSL), is a constructed sign language and tokiponido created by the luka pona community with large contributions from jan Olipija. Unlike toki pona luka, which is a manually coded relex of Toki Pona, luka pona is a full sign language, including classifiers and nonmanual features (NMFs). In the Toki Pona Dictionary (2021), jan Sonja advocates and recommends learning luka pona instead of toki pona luka.[1]
The main community center for luka pona is the #luka-pona
channel on the ma pona pi toki pona Discord server, where there are videochat sessions for teaching and chatting, as well as the Ma Toki Pona VR community on VRChat.
Phonology
The phonology of luka pona consists of combinations of smaller features than sings, namely handshape, placement, orientation, and motion.
Handshapes
The handshape inventory consists of nine handshapes as shown below. This limited number of handshapes is helpful for those with limitations, either physical or technical, such as in virtual reality, since some controlers have a limited number of handshapes available. There are several allophonic variants when signing in real life, sometimes used for emotional effect.
-
wan (1): Index finger extended
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tu (V): Index and middle fingers extended
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tawa (L): Index finger and thumb extended
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kiwen (OpenA): Fist with thumb extended
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supa (FlatB): Fingers together
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nena (BentB): Fingers together, bent at knuckles
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sike (O): Fingertips and thumb touching, forming an "O" shape
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telo (5): Fingers spread
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lili (9): Tips of index finger and thumb touching (other fingers spread)
Grammar
Modifiers
Similar to Toki Pona, modifiers follow the word they are modifying.[2]
Particles
The sign PI can be replaced with a brief pause without signing, and the sign for LA can be replaced with a longer pause without signing.[3]
Directional signs
Signs such as LUKIN, UTALA, KAMA/TAWA, and PANA/LANPAN point from the direction that the corresponding action comes from.[4] For example, MI SINA LUKIN(tawa sina), the sign LUKIN points toward the referent of SINA, but in SINA MI LUKIN(tawa mi), it points toward the speaker. In ONA-1 ONA-2 LUKIN, it points toward the side of ONA-2.
Postpositions
Unlike Toki Pona, which has prepositions and preverbs, luka pona instead uses postpositions and postverbs.[5]
The sign O is also postpositive. When used for commands, it can be replaced by signing intensely. When used to address someone, O can be replaced by wiggling the hand intensely before or after the name; or with the sign LUKIN-E, pointing at the speaker, after the name.[6]
Negation
Negation can be either expressed using the sign ALA or be signaled by shaking the head, lowering the eyebrows, and frowning.[7]
Syntax
luka pona has a subject–object–verb (SOV) word order and lacks the words li or e. The basic word order is structured as subject NI-1 object NI-2 verb. The NI signs point toward different sides (indicated in the gloss with number suffixes), including for multiple subjects and objects.[8]
MI NI-1 PAN NI-2 MOKU.
mi moku e pan.
For short sentences, this sign may be omitted with little ambiguity. For instance, TOKI PONA may be interpreted either as toki pona or toki li pona.[9] In this case, NI is used to disambiguate the meaning.
MI PAN MOKU.
mi moku e pan.
A second subject can be clarified with the sign EN/KIN/KAN, following the NI for the first subject. Multiple verbs are separated by a brief pause.[10]
Interrogative clauses
In interrogative clauses, the sign SEME always ends the sentence. Yes-or-no questions are formed with a confused expression or by tilting the head to the side.[11] SEME is also used to link sentences instead of ni.[12]
Vocabulary
Fingerspelling
The luka pona manual alphabet consists of 14 signs, which can be either one-handed or two-handed, used to spell out names and words from Toki Pona.[13]
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One-handed fingerspelling signs
-
Two-handed fingerspelling signs (borrowed from BSL)
Words which lack have signs, such as jasima and eliki, are fingerspelled instead. When a given word or name is spelled frequently, its spelling may become faster and more relaxed over time, and might not include all the letters in the original, to the point of making the spelling unreadable to those not familiar with the word.[14] In sign language linguistics, this phenomenon is known as lexicalization (not to be confused with lexicalization in the context of Toki Pona).
Time
Time phrases are expressed with phrase TENPO NI, with the sign NI pointing in different directions.[15] Pointing back represents tenpo pini, pointing at one's feet represents tenpo ni, and pointing forward represents tenpo kama.
Numbers
Numbers can be expressed with the signs for Toki Pona number words, or by extending the corresponding number of fingers, optionally with the sign for nanpa before. Another way of enumerating things is to touch the nth finger on the other hand.[16]
Intensifiers
luka pona does not use the intensifier a. Instead, the speaker uses two hands.[17] The sign MUTE can be replaced by signing a word many times in a row.
Learning resources
Created by jan Olipja
- Video dictionary
- luka pona li seme? (intro blog post)
- Grammar documentation (in Toki Pona; blog)
- Grammar documentation (Google Docs)
- Grammar documentation (Google Docs; literal English translation)
- Dictionary spreadsheet
- Fingerspelling:
Compiled by the community
References
- ↑ Lang, Sonja. (18 July 2021). Toki Pona Dictionary. Illustrated by Vacon Sartirani. Tawhid. ISBN 978-0978292362. p. 11.
Signed Toki Pona (toki pona luka) was presented as a game to battle Lojbanists. A new and very pona project, luka pona, has since been designed by jan Olipija to be usable as a naturalistic sign language alongside Toki Pona. I recommend learning luka pona.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa wan - nimi kule en pi (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa tu - la (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka luka - nimi pali tawa (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa tu tu - nimi poka en nimi poka pali (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka - o (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka tu - ala (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa tu wan - nimi ijo en nimi pali (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Lakuse [jan_lakuse@seka.pona.la]. (5 August 2023). "sona open pi luka pona". ma Seka. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka tu - nimi ijo mute en nimi pali mute (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka tu wan - toki pi wile sona (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka tu tu - nimi luka ‘SEME’ (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka wan - nimi nimi (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Tepo [@tbodt]. (7 October 2023). Message in the
#eliki li seme tawa sina?
thread in#toki-suli
. ma pona pi toki pona. Discord. - ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka - tenpo (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka luka tu tu - nanpa (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
- ↑ jan Olipija. (9 April 2018). nasin toki pi luka pona: nanpa luka wan - a en mute (in Toki Pona). Blogspot.
Development and usage | jan Sonja · Toki Pona: The Language of Good (2014) · Tokiponidos · Software (Tools · Fonts) · suno pi toki pona · Toki Pona census · Toki Pona Dictionary (2021) · UCSUR · Linku · ISO 639-3 |
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Conventions | Phonology (Phonotactics) · Words (Tokiponization) · Grammar (Word order) · Social conventions · Writing systems (sitelen Lasina · sitelen pona · sitelen sitelen) · luka pona (sign language) · Number systems · Calendar systems · Styles (pu · pu-rism · ku · Nonstandard) |
Philosophy | Minimalism · Context · Circumlocution · Expression · Lexicalization · Multiple sentences · Comparisons |
Resources | Frequently asked questions · Courses · Dictionaries · Cheat sheets · Visual aids · Communities · Websites · Media |